Rhabdomyosarcoma
Planned Algarnih muscle tumors (Rhabdomyosarcoma) or stromal tumors of striated muscle, is one of the types of sarcomas Algarnih (sarcoma), arising mainly in bone and soft tissue (like muscles, and connective tissue Kalottar that connects muscle to bone, and fibrous tissue and Cartilage and Synovial tissue around the joints), in addition to fat and nerve tissue.
And created these tumors are usually soft tissue to the type of voluntary muscles known muscle Planned (striated muscles) or grooved, which is also called structure, and result from the precancerous cells are the primary components of these muscles (rhabdomyoblasts), and equal the appearance of tumor cells microscopy with the appearance of embryonic cells, and these tumors are the most common types in the tumors of soft tissue in children.
(Please refer to page tumors of soft tissue tumors and Ewing's page for more details on these tumors).
It should be noted that the muscles of the human body is divided into three types:
Skeletal muscle: and called Balaradeh any movement that is voluntary and subject to traffic control centers of the brain, and you drag and move the bones of the body, as it is called as Balmkhtth or grooved lines take the form of fibrous cells under a microscope.
Smooth muscle: it is linked to the movement of internal organs, such as the stomach and the arteries, and cells long and smooth and take the form of plates about the users, and to contract automatically to give a slow regular movement of muscle.
Cardiac muscle: and reside on the walls of the heart and only with an automatic contraction to pump blood.
It should also be noted that the skeletal muscles begin to emerge embryos after the passage of seven weeks only from fertilized eggs, and during this stage, cells start to the planned initial (rhabdomyoblasts), (or Aborigines, which will grow and mature to be striated muscle) in the production of specific proteins muscular own protein actin (actin) and protein myosin (myosin) key in the movement of skeletal muscles Anaqbada and flatter.
And suggest medical statistics that more than 85% of cases of sarcomas of the muscles of the planned show for children aged under the age of adolescence, and increase the rate of males nearly doubled from those of females, and are often established with placements Activity skeletal muscles, especially district head and neck (about 40%), and members of the genitourinary system (about 30%), and the parties (about 20%), and the trunk area and the body (about 10%), and can show where other placements do not exist in skeletal muscle, such as the top of the skull, and prostate, and biliary tract.
Types of tumors Algarnih muscle Planned
There are three main types of these tumors:
Fetal or embryonic tumor (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma)
And is the most common, and arise from the usual placements head and neck and urogenital tract, and bladder, and around the prostate and testicles, or inside them, and usually appears in infants and young children, and similar cells with the appearance of muscle cells, natural baby at six to eight weeks.
Alveolar tumor (alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma)
And usually arise from the trunk muscles, arms and legs, and usually appears in children after the age of five and adolescents, and has been called Balsnge because tumor cells are small hollow spaces, and similar cells with the appearance of muscle cells the natural ten-week-old fetus.
Multiple tumor formation (Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma)
It appears this type occurs mainly in adults age between thirty and fifty, and in fact there were no cases of this type in children.
About risk factors for the emergence of sarcomas of the muscles of the planned
The term risk factors (Risk factors) to the factors and conditions predisposing to increase the likelihood of vulnerability to any disease, such as cancer, when any person, and there are risk factors for each type of tumor, and may include risk factors and genetic any associated characteristics of genes, in addition to factors related to the environment or lifestyle and living conditions, and although the factors on the pattern of living, such as smoking and poor nutrition or alcohol consumption are important factors in many of the tumors in adults, but its impact is none or weak when dealing with tumors of children, and with respect to factors dangerous for the environment, not clear to researchers of any link between the emergence of sarcomas muscles planned and between environmental factors either before or after the birth, such as exposure to toxic chemicals or contamination of water and air, also did not prove the existence of any link to other conditions, such as the use of X-rays during pregnancy, or eating different types of drugs, or injury to children bruises or cuts.
Genetic risk factors and genetic ills
Found to scientists for decades, that man may inherit from parents on some changes and imbalances blades genetic DNA of the cells, which in turn cause disease spread in the family-specific, and there is the proportion of high risk for many diseases at the birth of children with some types of birth defects and known Palmtlazmat (syndromes and can be defined the syndrome as a set of concurrent symptoms and deformities or disabilities or anomalies other, which appears in most cases combined in the same patient), and the syndromes that have been linked to and between the increase in risk for the emergence of sarcomas muscles planned:
Syndrome Beckwith, and Weidman (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome): where the growing internal organs, such as the liver and spleen, in children with this syndrome sizes are enlarged and unusual, and shows that the tongue is common, and the usual also appear, including bug over-large mid-term ( hemihypertrophy), swelling of the arm or a man or both, one side of the body, in addition to the non-uniformity in physical growth, and although the children with this syndrome are highly vulnerable to the emergence of Wilms' tumor of kidney in particular, but they carry the risk for a lesser extent for the emergence of sarcomas of the muscles planned.
I Fraomena syndrome (Li-Fraumeni): in addition to which it increases the level of risk for the emergence of tumors, leukemia and bone tumors Algarnih and breast cancer and brain tumors, also carries the risk for the emergence of soft tissue tumors, especially tumors of striated muscle.
On the other hand, is a bug neurofibromas (Neurofibromatosis), and also known illness Ericlengahaozn
(Recklinghausen's disease) risk factors in the same class, and are the reasons for a genetic characterization of the emergence of tumors of the fibrous nerve terminal, and the appearance of brown spots on the skin and deformities tissue under the skin and bones, and the usual cause of this malady in the emergence of tumors of neural multiple but they also increase the proportion of risk for the emergence of tumors of striated muscle Algarnih.
It should be noted that these illnesses and syndromes are rare and represent a small percentage of cases of sarcomas of the muscles planned, the study sheds light on the pattern followed by these tumors in the early stages of inception.
About the emergence of tumors of the muscles Algarnih planned
We need to understand how the emergence of cancer cells, knowledge of some basic information about the genetic characteristics and genes (genes), Valmorth is a part of the DNA Alrebonowi (deoxyribonucleic acid DNA) carries the characteristics of specific genetic and has a vital function specific, and an example set of genes color of the eyes and skin , or blood group, and this acid is a chemical that carries instructions for the system and the life cycle of cells, and the control of all its activities, and is the type of changes anomalies in the DNA of the genes influencing factor in determining the type of disease that may affect humans, and genes are parts of chromosomes (chromosomes), which can be likened to a band of linear DNA Mazfor high length, containing thousands of genes lined end to end, and the DNA is organized strictly in the 23 pairs of chromosomes, inherits half of each pair from one parent .
And there are multiple types and so many of the genes, and each of them vital functions and characteristics of specific genetic, and contains some of the types of instructions and codes of genetic control in the mechanism of growth and division, and thus replication and reproduction for the production of new cells, and from these genes of certain urges and modify operations cell division, called idiomatically genes tumor (oncogenes), and genes other slow and inhibit the division and reproduction, or give instructions to the annihilation of the self-cell, when needed, and called genes inhibiting the swelling (Tumor suppressor genes).
And other words, the cells multiply and divide and grow under the guidance of the program is encrypted Bhamadha nuclear, and receive a signal to stop at a certain point where the available amount desired of cells, depends divide and multiply, and run programs next directed the cells to produce proteins necessary for the cells become very able to carry out their mandate, for example, depends on the muscle cells divide when it receives the signal to stop, and start the production of proteins actin and myosin protein mentioned above, namely that the system of division, growth and employment, stops and starts and activates the system by a serial sequential , and free of errors to produce normal cells intact, and there are many ways to block and district progress of this system systematically, for example, if there is a lack of stop sign and did not work for some reason, continue to the cells to divide and multiply unchecked and the mass of abnormal ballooning or in the event of failure in the work of genes inhibiting the swelling, which produces a certain protein is responsible for the arrest of the cell when there is damage to DNA, either to fix bugs or to exterminate self when you can not reform, when not working this protein for some reason, continue to cells with damaged DNA in the division , and the production of new cells, causing more damage in other genes, which control the growth and development of cells and end up with the emergence of cancer.
On the other hand may inherit one some of the changes the anomalous (or defects), DNA from his parents, which explains the appearance of some illnesses are common in some families, and called these changes Balthorat or changes the root of the structure (mutations), which also arise for reasons incomprehensible and unjustified imbalance just like the other images that affect this acid, which can be summarized in the following points:
Distraction of the chromosomes and the exchange sites (Translocation) between the two parts of the DNA, that is, a section of DNA Besbga a homeless HOS Besbga different and asymmetric with him, leading to rearrange programs encoded DNA of the cell with the stability of error and system crashes, context-oriented for the different stages, and this imbalance in particular is responsible for the emergence of alveolar tumor, in addition to other types of tumors, including a group of children Ewing's tumors and some types of leukemia.
Reflection or the coup (inversion), which means that part of the chromosome is inverted, and overlay in reflected light it is still linked to the same chromosome.
Addendum (addition) of any part of the chromosome (chromosome or the whole) has doubled and many copies of it are located the cell, and is referred to with reference number chromosome positive (+7, for example).
Loss or erasure (deletion) of some of the clips DNA Besbga specific, and referred to as the chromosome number with a negative sign, eg -7 means that there is a missing part of chromosome VII.
And from here can Ttsrtun normal cells at any of the above-mentioned types of imbalance structure of DNA (ie, mutations or abnormal structure of chromosomes fugue or a reversal or erasure or addition), which in turn paid (directly or indirectly) to run the testator tumor without controls (which lose the ability to control cell growth and reproduction), or invalidate the work of genes inhibiting the swelling, and end up with the emergence of a cancerous tumor, and it is important to know that, and except for genetic disorders that increase the level of risk for the emergence of some tumors, no Scientists know the real reasons and confirmed that lead to the emergence of DNA types of imbalance, (which trigger or trigger) and that lead to carcinogenesis of normal cells and tumor.
In terms of stromal tumors of the muscles of the planned researchers found some evidence on how the emergence of these tumors including:
A fugue and exchange sites between the chromosomes at most of the cases the tumor alveolar, and shows the occurrence of an exchange between chromosomes II and XIII, and has been shown that the gene called Pax 3 (PAX 3) has moved from chromosome II (and is one of the genes important in the processes shifts muscle tissue of embryonic, and this group of genes capable of working Kmorthat a tumor), also found that this gene when he goes Babbga thirteenth line up straight and stick after the gene is called (F Kay HR FKHR), and is the normal function of the latter in activating activity of other genes, and thought that this exchange and enrollment lead to the emergence of the cancerous tumor.
A loss of some of the clips DNA Babbga atheist tenth when cases of tumor fetal, and contains sections missing on Morthan different Kalaken of swelling, and believed that this loss contributes to the emergence of the tumor, where it is known that all normal cells contain two copies of chromosome atheist century, and when the loss of a cell to one of the copies are often making an exact copy of the copy, and can this process to increase the production of cell material to stimulate growth in them, and may indicate that such an anomaly Babbga atheist tenth We have only cell tumor is embryonic in the tumors fleshy muscles of the planned, and it should be noted that it also exists in many tumors of children, including Wilms 'tumor and renal (Wilms' tumor), and tumors of neural primitives
(Neuroblastoma) and primate liver tumors (hepatoblastoma).
It is worth mentioning that the scientists have been able over the past decades to identify many of the genes responsible for directing the transformations successive cells of the initial phases of growth to form muscle, and the most important group of genes known as muscle group d (Myo D family) which, when the loss of parts of them stops the growth of or skeletal muscles grow weak and small in size, and it is hoped that the study of these genes is to develop means to halt the rapid growth of tumor cells, striated muscle Algarni.
About the symptoms and diagnosis
The type of symptoms identified at diagnosis on the position of the tumor, of course, and sometimes may seem to some of the symptoms are confusing, especially when the emergence of tumor placements sensitive without being obvious, such as Tamodah area eye socket or around as it leads to Gehozaa or may seem Holae, or the presence ear or sinus where the symptoms are similar to the normal ear pain or sinus infections, while showing early symptoms usually in the form of swelling or mass of overgrown locus of the tumor without accompanying pain or problems with side effects, and especially if the concentration of the tumor in the trunk or limbs and pain may appear ulcers or when the tumor growth and inflation and pressure on neighboring nerves, and hemorrhage may appear as a presenter at the early emergence of the vagina or bladder tumor, and may grow and amplified tumors enough to make painful urination or bowel movements and hard, and the usual feeling of pain when the emergence of intestinal abdominal swelling or pelvic cavity as well as a vomiting or constipation, and in rare cases, these tumors may arise bile channels resulting in the emergence of yellowing of the skin or eyes.
And it is customary to show with most of the tumors of soft tissue physical symptoms in general, such as fever and weight loss and sweating, but when there is a transition of the tumor from the position of its inception, and in this case may show symptoms similar to symptoms of leukemia, such as swollen lymph nodes or bone pain or fatigue or loss of weight, which gives an indication on the movement of tumor cells to the lymph nodes or bone, and on the other hand the patient may suffer from chronic cough as a result of transmission of the tumor to the lungs.
When you see the symptoms on the child and that can be attributed to any of the soft tissue tumors, and distrust of the existence of this tumor, the doctor perform a series of tests and laboratory tests, radiological and take pictures of different x-rays X, and X-ray CT (Computed tomography scan ), in addition to imaging MRI magnetic (Magnetic resonance imaging using radio waves, magnetic to put multiple images of the body), to identify the various aspects of the tumor accurately, and is usually an osteotomy surgery (biopsy), in order to extract a biopsy of the tumor tissue surgically to be examined under a microscope, to determine the kind and dynamic properties.
(Please go to a page that tests and laboratory tests for further details).
Category progress stromal tumors of striated muscle
When diagnosing a case as part of sarcomas Algarnih muscles planned, is further analysis and tests to determine the size of the tumor and its properties vital, and ascertain the extent of his move from the position of its inception to the surrounding tissue or to any other sites, and through all the data is classification progress of the tumor (Staging), and necessary, of course, select this category in order to arrange a plan appropriate treatment, and to predict Palmrdod therapeutic expected, and although there are several classification systems, but the trader is classified by tumor size and the subject of evolution, and transport of and positions of this transition.
And that this tumor is classified into four degrees of progress, in addition to the stage of recurrent tumor.
Grade 1
Included in this category administration, confined tumors embryonic eye socket area, or head and neck (without the brain exists meningeal membranes), or pathways of the urogenital system, with the exception of the bladder and prostate.
Grade 2
And included in this category administration, confined tumors and one position (and not within the specific positions of degree 1), or alveolar tumors, with less than five centimeters in size, and without having to go to any of the lymph nodes.
Grade 3
And included in this category administration, confined tumors and one position (and not within the specific positions of degree 1), larger than five centimeters, or moved to the lymph nodes adjacent to the subject arise.
4 °
Included in this classification tumors at diagnosis and are shifting the positions of Menbth tion to the long-positions, and are monitored in more than one place.
Recurrent tumor stage (Recurrent)
And this stage means that the tumor had returned, and a back, or went too far and become resistant after that it was processed, and may return in the same place of origin, where he began, or the surrounding tissue, or because the locus of another body.
On the treatment of sarcomas of the muscles of the planned
There are treatments for all cases of this type of tumor in children and most of them are curable, and adopt a plan of treatment on several factors, notably the position of the tumor and its vitality and extent of concentration, and degree and extent of its spread outside the place, and the manifestation of its cells under a microscope, and the amount can be removed surgically tissues, in addition to the child's age and general health condition, and usually handles the child standard treatments, which initially proved effective.
And surgical work is the first line of treatment and the primary, followed by chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy, and treatment plans may vary of course depending on the type of tumor and its position and classified, as might be held transplant marrow bone marrow in some cases.
Surgery
Targeted surgical work when these tumors reach the position of the tumor from the shortest route and the least effect on the tissues of the body sound, and then check the carcinogenesis of the tumor, through biopsies of tissues and analysis, in preparation for the eradication of more many as cancerous tissue, taking into account the impact on the vital organs nearby, as well as remove a specific area of tissue surrounding the tumor in anticipation of its spread across it, and investigated the extent of his move to the tissues and organs nearby, especially the lymph nodes, and in the case of a tumor in a position to prevent the surgery and not eradication, is limited to surgical work on the extracted tissue biopsies for testing.
It is necessary to start chemotherapy with radiation therapy with or without following the end of surgery, according to several studies, is that when you can not complete eradication can in most cases, the elimination of tumor cells, embryonic microspheres is highly visible and the remaining use of chemotherapy, while requiring treatment tumor cells, alveolar microscopic residual (or tumor cells and the remaining phenomenon of any kind) the use of radiation therapy in addition to chemotherapy, and sometimes you can remove the remaining cells following surgery without the need for radiation.
(And please go to surgery to see more details about the surgical aspects of the work).
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the treatment using special drugs known drug chemical anti-cancer, the elimination of cancer cells and destroy them, and so disrupt and undermine the coordinated biological processes within them, and come the main advantage of this treatment in his ability to deal with tumors of mobile and deployed, whereas the radiation therapy or work on the surgical treatment of specific placements administration, confined tumors, its effectiveness and return premium to the fact that cancer cells, in a way, is more sensitive and more susceptible to chemicals than normal cells. And may be used as a treatment only in some cases, or part of a treatment program integrated includes several treatments in common, and the decision is made by using this treatment, the balance between effectiveness and side effects and complications of the future, and between the seriousness of cancer, and of course Vamadaafath and its acceptable compared to the same disease, in addition to the positive therapeutic yield significantly.
And may be called the chemotherapy treatment systemically (systemic); due to movement of drugs, chemicals via the blood to all parts of the body, and its ability to destroy cancer cells wherever notified, and may be used before the direct surgeries when solid tumors preparation for her and in order to facilitate; Bhzareth and shrink the tumor, what is known as chemotherapy Initial Assistant (Neoadjuvant), may also be used after surgery and eradication of the tumor; to eliminate any cells of a tumor is characteristic may be outstanding, and help avoid the return of cancer, what is known as chemotherapy additive (adjuvant).
And be dealt with chemotherapy drugs in ways and different channels, some of which are taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules or liquids, and most of the body is injected, the injection of different ways: by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, injection into an artery or a major injection topically directly under the skin, and if intravenous is the most widely used method, and may use other means to assist in the injection, such as catheters (catheters), which is implanted usually chest and can be used for long periods, and is injected drugs directly into the spinal fluid cerebrospinal surrounding the spinal cord and brain, known as the injection vaginalis, both to eliminate tumor cells, or to protect the central nervous system and brain, and is usually injected through the lumbar spine down the spine, or via a catheter especially planted under the scalp known as portfolio Omaya ( Ommaya reservoir).
And usually consist of treatment programs from several repeated cycles separated by periods of recovery, and may receive the patient during each session, a combination common in many medicines chemical, or are limited to one drug, by type of tumor and the planned therapeutic approach in each case, and in general are the use of chemotherapy during the time periods prolonged to reduce how much the cancer cells gradually, to the extent that it could when the immune system control of any growth and throw, in addition to that space of time between doses are placed in order to achieve the greatest effect on cancer cells, and at the same time give the sufficient to allow cells and tissue normal to recover from the effect of drugs, chemicals, since the types of drugs of different effects to varying degrees on the cells and organs of natural sound, especially the cells and tissues fast-growing and heavy reproduction and a permanent replacement, such as bone marrow cells and blood cells, and cells and tissues of the digestive system, in addition to some vital organs like the liver and kidneys, which in turn leads to complications side effects, which vary in intensity and quality of the drug to another and from one person to another, and of course of treatment to another even for the same person , and depend mainly on the type and dose of the drug user and the interaction of the body about it, and these multiple effects; frustration include bone marrow (and thus decrease blood cell count), and complications of the mouth and gums (such as inflammation and ulceration, and drought), and loss temporary hair, and constipation and diarrhea, and fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and feel the skin and skin, and usually take drugs to help and take some preventive measures and support; to avoid such effects and to prevent them and to alleviate it, remedial courses before and during and after its completion.
It should be noted that chemotherapy is used when treating patients of all children striated muscle sarcoma tumor, where, according to medical studies that the tumor is due in about 80% of cases after surgery, total excision of the tumor and radiation therapy to the surrounding tissue.
(Please go to chemotherapy, to view more details about this treatment and methods of its management and its complications).
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is the treatment using the different applications of ionizing radiation (ionizing radiation), to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors, both using the elements and isotopes, or by using a stream of radiation, revived and high-energy, x-rays, or radiation such as gamma rays, or stream of neutrons or protons, and the effectiveness of the radiation is concentrated in its ability to undermine and break up the DNA of tumor cells, and is a vital and fundamental article of the various cellular functions, leading to elimination.
Radiation therapy is topical treatment, and is divided into two types; internal (Internal), radioactive elements are grown directly into the tumor tissue, or close to it, either temporarily or permanently, and external (external), where the broadcast radiation from the radiation machine shed the positions of the tumors, and may be used both types in some types of tumors, and of course, and to avoid the effects of radiation, is to take preventive measures during radiation therapy, to protect tissues and organs natural sound field processing.
And may be the use of radiation therapy alone, treatment only, or jointly with treatments other tumors, and may use a substitute for surgery as initial therapy, when some solid tumors, may also be used by the direct action surgical known as the treatment initial Assistant (neoadjuvant therapy), order to reduce the size of the tumor; to facilitate the eradication, or is used after excision surgery as a treatment additive (adjuvant therapy); in order to eliminate any tumor cells is characteristic may be outstanding.
And, of course, for the treatment of radiation complications and side effects associated with, linked to the overall locus of treatment, and result in general from affected cells and tissues rapidly growing and replacement, and from these effects: complications of skin and skin, and fatigue, and infections and dry mouth, and hair loss, nausea, gastrointestinal problems, and thwart the bone marrow, and is taking some preventive measures and support, and taking medication assistance; to avoid such effects and to alleviate it.
(Please go to radiation therapy, to view more details about this treatment and methods of administration).
Marrow transplant bone marrow or stem cells
The cultivation of pure bone marrow (Bone marrow transplant) the latest methods of treatment, especially to address the tumor reflux, in some cases, show the tumors of muscle Algarnih resistant to treatments, which calls for the need to use doses of therapeutic intensive, which in turn affects the bone marrow and destroy, are used to transplantation, in parallel with the treatments received.
And the following paragraphs an overview of bone marrow transplants and types:
Where bone marrow is the spongy tissue soft, known as the spinal cord of red and located within the part of the bone called bone spongy, and is the main function in the production of blood cells, and is composed of cells mutant (turn into blood cells), and fat cells and tissues to help the growth of blood cells, bone marrow and there in almost all the bones in infants, while Prior to puberty, is concentrated mostly in the flat bones, such as skull bone, and shoulders, and ribs, and pelvic bones, and joints of the arms and legs.
And cells at the beginning of the configuration (initial) called cells Aboriginal or stem cells (Stem cells), and is the division's self-multiply, producing stem cells, new, or you through a series of divisions, cumulative, and the phases of growth of successive production of cells of different blood (blood cells white and red and platelets), which continues to stages of growth and maturity within the bone marrow.
And comes the need to perform marrow transplant bone marrow (Bone marrow transplant), or transplantation of stem cells (Stem cells transplant), while unable to bone on the performance of its functions, and result in the deficit either by the effects of the cancer itself, which makes him either a product of cells of a tumor abnormal, or a product of small numbers of blood cells, or resulting from the effects of drugs, chemical and radiation therapy severe, it may be necessary to eliminate cancer cells, (especially when the tumors of blood and lymphatic tumors, and some types of solid tumors), follow the treatment programs is strong, doses lead to intense frustration and the destruction of cells of the bone itself, and hence the target of transplantation, replacing the injured spinal cord stem cells, cancer, or frustrating treatments, cells intact and healthy, capable of growth and reproduction and the production of blood cells.
And possible sources of stem cells extracted and used for transplantation include bone marrow and blood circulation, either from the patient himself or from a donor, and conducted studies for the newly drawn from the umbilical cord of the baby boomers.
And planting operations are divided into two types according to a source of stem cells, self-transplantation (Autologous) where these cells are derived from blood or the patient's own marrow, and gay culture or lineage (Allogeneic) where a pool of blood or marrow donor, and donor selection is appropriate, after analysis of tissue specific blood, known analysis antigens leukocytes (human leukocyte antigens HLA), and aims of this analysis, matching blades genetic protein antigens, produced by white blood cells, and are special proteins Highlight the cells self from foreign bodies such as bacteria or viruses , and the success of agriculture depends on the extent of tissue compatibility between donor and recipient, and is a perfect fit, which brings together six groups of these proteins, and the donor twin brother is the ideal ADSL, followed by the brothers, then a parent, a donor or a non-kin of the patient.
The spinal primary source of stem cells, and when using the implant self, is to draw the amount of marrow of the child, and is processed to eliminate any cancer cells, and then kept under the freeze, and after completion of receiving the treatment intensive, and that would destroy the bone marrow, are spinal implant processor.
When using the implant gay, is to draw the amount of marrow donor, after the tests and analyzes different; to make sure that his general health and free from infectious diseases, and is the selection and collection of stem cells separately, and after the stages of creating a patient for transplantation, giving doses high chemical drugs with or without radiation therapy, in order to eliminate cancer cells, and thwart the immune system to the lowest degree, is implanted stem cells selected.
And is extracted stem cells from blood circulation, and know in this case stem cells peripheral or periodic (peripheral stem cells), and the quantity is usually sufficient to collect and use for transplantation of self becomes a practice, when there is the possibility to urge the bone marrow in the patient, the excretion within the blood circulation in sufficient quantities for transplantation, but when gay culture, will be gathered from the circulation of the donor; the blood passes through the filter of the machine, the separation of these cells separately.
On the other hand transplants involve the complexities and complications of different course, such as the difficulty of finding the matching donor, and complications associated with the process, the effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatments, and the risk of transplant rejection, and failure of cells cultured in the stability and reproduction.
(Please go to Page marrow transplant bone marrow to view more details about the transplantation).
On the processors according to the classification tumor
Stages 1 to 4 of untreated tumor
In general is the surgery that the tumor is capable of eradicating followed by chemotherapy, and use of radiation therapy that remains something of tumor tissue has not been eradicated, and in case they could not surgical removal, is typically used a combination of common treatments chemotherapy and radiation followed by surgery when need, and in some cases when there is a transition of the tumor, may use high doses of chemotherapy, followed by transplantation of pure self-bone marrow.
And adopt plans therapeutic standard on the use of a drug vincristine (vincristine) and drug Daktinomaysan (dactinomycin) in cases of tumor embryo, which is eradicated completely, in addition to traditional drug Alsaakulovosvamaid (Cyclophosphamide) in cases of tumor alveolar or when you can not complete eradication of the tumor tissue, while the use of other drugs when there is a transition of tumor cells, such as real estate Aevosvamaid (ifosfamide) and Aitoboseid (etoposide) and Toboutkan (topotecan).
On the other hand is the radiation therapy effective in eliminating cancer cells impossible eradication, or remaining after the surgical extirpation of tumors, primary, and from the usual use has traditionally been of the occurrence of tumor placements sensitive so may result in the eradication of tissue tumor to the loss of vital organs, such as eyes or bladder , or lead to significant changes in the appearance of the patient.
It is also usual to start receiving radiation doses placements tumor tissue remaining after a lapse of six to nine weeks of chemotherapy treatment, while the case is to begin radiation therapy at the positioning of the tumor on the skull so that the proof for fear that affects the brain or meninges affects the brain itself , and also the case when the extension of the tumor affects the spinal cord.
In terms of returns, treatment, rates of recovery standard for children in general, more than 70%, and there are many factors that help predict Palmrdod treatment of the most important, the subject of the original tumor, and the degree and extent of its spread outside the place, and the appearance of the cells, microscopy, and quantity of tissue can be removed surgically.
And suggest medical statistics that the rate of 90% of the tumor stainless eradicate fully cured permanently without a relapse and return of the tumor, while 80% of the cases the presence of remains of microscopic tumor cells, and 70% of cases there remains a phenomenon, heal for years long, and that happened relapse and return of the tumor cured about half of these rates upon receipt of another round of treatments are standard, and reduced rates at the cases the existence of transmission of the cells tumor to places far from the subject of growing up at diagnosis, with a cure rate of the five-year standard 30% , rising to 50% in children below ten years, transitioning fetal tumor, (indicates the rate of healing of the standard five years to the proportion of patients who live at least five years since diagnosed with cancer specific, and of course many people recover fully and live much more, and This rate is commonly used as an indication of statistical When cases of cancer), while the opportunities are better in children when positioned tumors of origin near the eyes, or region of the head and neck (and not near the brain directly), or vagina, or placements near the testes, and on the other hand according to these studies that the opportunities are generally better when the tumor cases, including when the normal fetal cases of alveolar tumor, which requires the use of more intensive treatments at the last.
From here we see how the effectiveness of treatments when sarcomas of the muscles and planned based primarily on the surgical work of flour, appropriate for the eradication of tumor tissue, in addition to accurately define the type of tumor and vital properties since the beginning.
Address the recurrent tumor
May occur relapse and recurrence in the short periods or during the years of initial treatment, and when you return is a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to determine how focused the tumor and the area of presence and degree, and adopt the treatment plan depends on several factors, notably the position of the tumor, and whether returned in the same position of its inception, the first or the locus of another, and the amount can be removed surgically, in addition to treatments that have been followed in the past, may be an additional surgery to eradicate the many as tumor tissue, and that this is not possible for any reason, may be the use of chemotherapy in the same previous drug or other chemical drugs, or in high doses followed by transplantation of pure self-bone marrow.
After the treatments
Necessary to conduct tests periodically comprehensive last for several years after the end of treatments, in order to investigate any signs of the return of tumors of striated muscle, in addition to the monitoring of complications and side effects of different treatments received, whether immediate or delayed, which may appear years later (please go to a page of late complications of treatments for tumors to see more details), and include these tests in addition to clinical examination flour, laboratory tests and imaging studies and X-rays of different, and are made to schedule a specific time, and it is very important, of course, notify the medical team in case of any symptoms or complications may appear, is to take the necessary medical procedures and to achieve effective treatment without delay, whether the complications of treatment or relapse.
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