Osteosarcoma
Sarcomas of the bones (Osteosarcomas) or tumors Algarnih bone, is a tumor of the kind Algarni arise bones, and can be defined sarcomas Algarnih (sarcoma) as tumors arising primarily in bone and soft tissue (like muscles, and connective tissue Kalottar linking muscles to the bones, and fibrous tissue and cartilage, and tissue Synovial around the joints), in addition to fat, and blood vessels, nerve tissue, and is a tumor Algarni of the bones of the most common type of bone cancer common, and most prevalent in children, and usually appears before the age of ten, and when adolescents and young people, and an average of more than twice in males than it does with females, and usually arise from the bones surrounding the knee, in particular, and in the upper arm and thigh bones of the lower rate without Anbut adjacent to the joints, and when the ratio is approaching than 20% of cases the tumor is moving from a position of growing up at diagnosis, and the usual moving to the lungs (about 80% of cases of transmission of the tumor are the lungs), and a lower rate Anbut to other bones.
And might look like bones rigid and fixed, without change, but it is living tissue and a complex and interactive all the time, and consists of living cells like all body tissues, and there are all the bones outer layer of the bone solid and heavy known as crust, covered by the fibrous capsule works Kensaj connective and know Balsmhak (periosteum) to stretch the tendons and ligaments, joints, and spread through the blood vessels extended to the bone cortex, followed by the fabric to the inside network known as spongy bone peppered with bone marrow, connective tissue and is the type to produce the red cells, blood cells different.
And there are two types of bone cells in addition to bone marrow cells:
Primitives bone (osteoblasts): Albanian, or of bone, a bone-generating cells and components of the bone structure, where the cells produce a substance called bone interosseous is the deposition of calcium and phosphorus and carbon, which leads to hardening and enclose each cell portfolio bone.
Naqdhat bone (osteoclasts): is responsible for the degradation of bone minerals, and prevent the accumulation of production of the bones, it also helps to maintain normal levels of these metals in blood.
And when all the parties to present the greatness of cartilage (Cartilage), and is the connective tissue between solidity and flexibility, and working Kmhad between bones, ligaments and be with some other tissues and joints of the bones, as they, unlike the bones do not contain calcium, and cartilage cells secrete material interface called Algdharovin.
It should be noted that there are three types of bone body:
Flat bone (flat bones), and is working to protect the brain and vital organs of the chest area and the abdominal cavity and pelvis, such as the bones of the skull and the shoulder.
Long bones and is in support of the parties, such as the bones of the thigh and upper arm and leg.
Short bones such as the wrist bones and vertebrae.
Anatomy of the long bones
As noted above, is a bone tumor Algarni and is sometimes called osteogenic tumor (osteogenic) of the most common types of bone cancer, and that arises from the usual placements metaphysis bone (long bones of limbs) on the knees, where at about 80% of cases of children and adolescents established bone forming the knee, and the tip of the femur and leg bone connected by the knee, and less party established by the humerus related to shoulder, as may arise in any type of bones including the jaws and bones of the pelvis and shoulders.
And can cells move from the bone into nearby tissues such as muscles, tendons and fat, and may be passed through the blood circulation to the lungs or other bones or vital organs are internal, and that the cells of this tumor is the ability to form material interosseous as do bone cells primary, but textile output, of course, be fragile and weak and distorted.
We point to the existence of other types of tumors affecting the bones in children, including tumors of Ewing (Ewing's tumors) that comes in second place in the bone tumors in children, and there are other types arise often in adults and is very rare in children, such as tumor cells, textile fiber bone (malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone), and cartilage tumors Algarnih
(Chondrosarcoma), and on the other hand there are many benign tumors that appear to bones or cartilage, including granuloma acid bone (eosinophilic granuloma of bone), tumors, and yellow (xanthomas), and lymph vascular tumors (lymphangiomas).
Types of bone sarcomas
Classified tumors of bone Algarnih into three grades according to the format of the growth of cells and Tmzarha under the microscope, tumors of top grade (high grade), and medium (intermediate) and minimum (low grade), which is a tumor of the top class when there is a lot of tumor cells active and that breed in abundance, in addition to the immaturity and complete interosseous, which is produced, while the tumor is a lower level when there is little active tumor cells and appears interosseous mature and complete.
And there are many sub-types according to this classification, including:
Central tumor Regular (Conventional central), and a small tumor cells (Small cell),
The tumor surface of the upper class (High grade surface), and tumor capillaries room
(Telangiectatic) and classified all upper class.
Periosteal tumor (Periosteal) and classified as middle class.
Adjacent to the periosteum (Parosteal), and within the bone of the lower level (Intraosseous), and classifies these two world-class.
It is worth mentioning that the bones that appears when you type the normal maturity of a minor and probably more so-called bone (osteoid), or Alkhlbe, while a room type capillaries on home spaces filled with blood, and contains such small cells, very little of the interosseous.
About risk factors for the emergence of sarcomas of the bones
The term risk factors (Risk factors) to the factors and conditions predisposing to increase the likelihood of vulnerability to any disease, such as cancer, when any person, and there are risk factors for each type of tumor, and may include risk factors and genetic any associated characteristics of genes, in addition to factors related to the environment or lifestyle and living conditions, and although the factors on the pattern of living, such as smoking and poor nutrition or alcohol consumption are important factors in many of the tumors in adults, but its impact is none or weak when dealing with tumors of children, and with respect to factors dangerous for the environment, not clear to researchers of any link between the emergence of sarcomas of bone and between environmental factors either before or after the birth, such as exposure to toxic chemicals or contamination of water and air, also did not prove the existence of any link to other conditions, such as the use of X-rays during pregnancy or during childhood, or eating different types of drugs, except that some studies indicate that repeated exposure to bone fractures or bruises in the same position with very minimal risk for the emergence of such tumors in children.
Age
Increases risk during adolescence and the flurry of physical growth, and noted that children with this tumor are usually longer than their peers, which indicates a relationship between bone growth and risk of neoplasia, and which supports this theory, studies on cases of this tumor when dogs, with more than four-fifth the risk of the evolution of the time when the big dogs (over 10 kg) than I have a small size.
Risk factors for tumor treatments
According to many medical studies for a direct relationship, and by the seriousness of small, between the treatment of cancer patients, whether adults or children, radiation therapy, and between the appearance of secondary tumors is the original tumor processor during the later periods of life, including the emergence of tumors of bone Algarnih secondary bone located within the field of radiation therapy, which increases risk of its development when receiving treatments in the periods of early life as well as receiving high doses (usually increase to 60 Gray), and is of such secondary tumors are more common in adults, where they appear several years after the end of the treatments radiation.
Genetic risk factors and genetic ills
Found to scientists for decades, that man may inherit some of the changes and imbalances blades genetic DNA of the cells, which in turn cause disease spread in the family-specific, and there is the proportion of high risk for many diseases at the birth of children with some types of birth defects, and of genetic factors that increase the proportion of risk for the emergence of tumors of the bones Algarnih:
I Fraomena syndrome (Li-Fraumeni): in addition to which it increases the level of risk for the emergence of tumors, leukemia
And soft tissue tumors and breast cancer and brain tumors, also carries the risk for the emergence of tumors of bone Algarnih.
Tumors of the priorities of the retina (Retinoblastoma): and are tumors arising cells the initial components of the tissues of the retina, and produces some of the kinds of imbalances and hereditary (about 40% of cases of this tumor is caused by genetic predisposition), and the percentage of risk for the emergence of tumor Algarni of bones in children patients with type gene, and receiving radiation treatments to increase the likelihood of the emergence of this tumor bone of the skull.
The presence of other ailments bone
Increase the percentage of risk for the emergence of this tumor in children and adolescents with some non-cancer diseases, and during the later periods of life, including:
Paget's bone disease (Paget's disease of bone), or osteitis deformans:
And are the reasons for non-hazardous and benign, they paved precancerous (precancerous), and usually show age is over fifty years and may arise in bone placements multiple and result in a distorted composition of bone, so that it looks bone heavier and thicker than normal bone, they turn weak fragile and easily breakable, and arises when the tumor Algarni between 5 to 10% of severe cases of this illness and often when the multiplicity of infected bone.
Cartilaginous bone tumor with a multi-genetic origin (Multiple hereditary osteochondromas):
And is a benign tumor composed of bone and cartilage and from normal to remove surgically without risk, it may appear in several places at once, and there is the risk for a few that turn any of them to tumor Gurney, and increases risk in people with a genetic predisposition to the emergence of this tumors, especially when infection with many of them at the same time so it may be impossible to eliminate them altogether.
About the emergence of sarcomas of the bones
We need to understand how the emergence of cancer cells, knowledge of some initial information and basic genes (genes), and genetic characteristics, Valmorth is a part of the DNA Alrebonowi (deoxyribonucleic acid DNA) carries the characteristics of specific genetic and has a vital function specific, and an example set of genes Color eyes, skin, or blood group, and this acid is a chemical that carries instructions for the system and the life cycle of cells, and the control of all its activities, and is the type of changes anomalies in the DNA of the genes influencing factor in determining the type of disease that may affect humans , and genes are the parts of chromosomes
(Chromosomes), which can be likened to a band of linear DNA Mazfor high length, containing thousands of genes lined end to end, and the DNA is organized strictly in the 23 pairs of chromosomes, inherits half of each pair from one parent.
And there are multiple types and so many of the genes, and each of them vital functions and characteristics of specific genetic, and contains some of the types of instructions and codes of genetic control in the mechanism of growth and division, and thus replication and reproduction for the production of new cells, and from these urges the specific genes and modify the operations of cell division, called idiomatically tumor genes (oncogenes), and other slow genes and inhibit the division and reproduction, or give instructions to the self-annihilation of the cell when needed, and is called inhibiting genes of swelling
(Tumor suppressor genes).
And other words, the cells multiply and divide and grow under the guidance of the program is encrypted Bhamadha nuclear, and receive a signal to stop at a certain point where the available amount desired of cells, depends divide and multiply, and run programs next directed the cells to produce proteins necessary for the cells become very and specialized able to carry out the tasks entrusted to it, ie, that the system of division, growth and employment, stops and starts and is active as a sequential staggered, and free of errors to produce normal cells intact, and there are many ways to block and district progress of this system systematically, for example, If there is a lack of stop sign and did not work for some reason, continue to the cells to divide and multiply unchecked and the mass of abnormal enlarged, or when a failure in the work of genes inhibiting the swelling, which produces a certain protein is responsible for the arrest of the cell when there is damage to DNA , either to fix bugs or to exterminate self when you can not reform, when not working this protein for some reason, continue to cells with damaged DNA in the division, and production of new cells, causing more damage in genes other, which control the growth and development of cells and ends is the emergence of cancer.
On the other hand, one may inherit some of the abnormal changes (or defects), DNA from his parents, which explains the appearance of some illnesses are common in some families, and these changes are called Balthorat or changes to the root structure (mutations),
Which also arise for reasons that are incomprehensible and unjustified imbalance just like the other images that affect this acid, which can be summarized in the following points:
Distraction of the chromosomes and the exchange sites (Translocation) between the two parts of the DNA, that is, a section of DNA Besbga a homeless HOS Besbga different and asymmetric with him, leading to rearrange programs encoded DNA of the cell with the stability of error and system crashes, context-oriented for the different stages, and this imbalance in particular is responsible for the emergence of some types of tumors of children, such as the Ewing's tumors and some types of leukemia.
Reflection or the coup (inversion), which means that part of the chromosome is inverted, and overlay in reflected light it is still linked to the same chromosome.
Addendum (addition) of any part of the chromosome (chromosome or the whole) has doubled, and found many copies of it to the cell.
Loss or erasure (deletion) of some of the clips Besbga specific DNA.
And from here can Ttsrtun normal cells in the event of any of the mentioned types of imbalance structure of DNA (ie, mutations or abnormal structure of chromosomes fugue or a reversal or erasure or addition), which in turn paid (directly or indirectly) to run without tumor gene controls (which lose the ability to control cell growth and reproduction), or invalidate the work of genes inhibiting the swelling, and end up with the emergence of a cancerous tumor, and it is important to know that, and except for genetic disorders that increase the level of risk for the emergence of some tumors, the scientists know and confirmed the real reasons that lead to an imbalance types of DNA, (which trigger or trigger) and that lead to carcinogenesis of normal cells and tumor.
In many cases, there is no apparent reason and virtual for many disorders of DNA, but it may be due to random errors occur when the proliferation of cells, each time preparing the cell to divide into two cells two new, you are making a copy of the DNA, and this process sometimes not be perfect and the mistakes in copying, and do not scientists know why or how they occur, these errors in some people but not others, and despite the presence of several enzymes, cells specialized in auditing and auditor and then the patch, but some errors sometimes pass through, especially when growth rapid for the cells, where, and before you can cell repair impaired acid, can be formed new cells and take division, in turn, with a defect and have time for reform was too late, and are the instructions that control the growth and division may have changed permanently, leading to the development of the growth of cancerous tumors such as bone, and for this reason, increases risk for the emergence of tumor Algarni of the bones at the periods of rapid growth of the cells, both in normal circumstances boom phase of adolescence and physical growth, or when the incidence of Paget's disease, which increases the speed of growth of bone cells.
And researchers have found some evidence on how the emergence of Algarnih tumors of the bones of the most important:
Effects syndrome me Fraomena (Li-Fraumeni), which arise from the inheritance of imbalance DNA leads to frustration gene brake for swelling called me 53 (p53 tumor suppressor gene), so that does not work proteins that the gene responsible for the arrest of the cell to repair the damages DNA, which increases the risk ratios for the emergence of many tumors and tumors of the bones Algarnih.
The presence of genetic disorders and swelling of the brake Palmorth called RPM (Rb tumor suppressor gene), which in addition to it increases the level of risk for the emergence of tumors of the priorities of the retina (retinoblastoma), also increase the likelihood of the emergence of tumor Algarni bones.
We point out that changes the anomalous structure of DNA and associated with the emergence of tumors Algarnih of bones when the majority of cases are glitches acquired and casual after birth and during the period of life, and not before inheritance, and it is important to remember that there are no risk factors are known and confirmed in most patients these tumors, and no one knows their origins, and there is nothing that can be done to avoid them.
About the symptoms of bone tumors Algarnih
Early symptoms are unusual in the form of pain the position, be sporadic at first and may increase at night, and it is getting worse when you engage in physical activity and may result in lameness if the two men, with the emergence of inflation after the passage of weeks, or block loose and confined within a coherent and bone, and can be observed and pain when you press them and touch them, and may cause swelling and movement difficulties and the weakness of bone fragility, leading sometimes to the breaking or Thqgah, especially when the emergence of an expanding type capillaries (Telangiectatic), which weakens the bones, in particular, and causes the creation of bone fractures at about 30% of cases, and from the usual to describe the patient situation when there is a fractional position tumor or placements nearby, saying they suffered from mild pain for several months and then became a sharp surprise, and on the other hand appear when cases few physical symptoms, a comprehensive, such as fever or weight loss and fatigue or anemia.
And when the onset of symptoms that can be attributed to any of the bone tumors, and distrust of the presence of tumor Algarni bones, the doctor perform a series of tests and laboratory tests, radiological and take pictures of different x-rays X, and X-ray CT (Computed tomography scan), In addition to MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging using radio waves, magnetic to put multiple images of the body), to identify the various aspects of the tumor accurately, and the usual procedure osteotomy surgery (biopsy), in order to extract a biopsy of the tumor tissue surgically to be examined under a microscope, to determine its type and its properties vital.
(Please go to a page that tests and laboratory tests for further details).
Classification of the progress of tumors of bone sarcomas in children
When diagnosing a case as part of sarcomas of the bones, is further analysis and tests to determine the size of the tumor and its properties vital, and ascertain the extent of his move from the position of its inception to the surrounding tissue or to any other sites, and through all the data are labeled progress of the tumor (Staging), and necessary, of course, select this category in order to arrange a plan appropriate treatment and to predict Palmrdod therapeutic expected, and there is at present a specific classification of these tumors, and instead are classified cases according to prevalence.
This category includes: Almnhsr localized tumor, and metastatic tumor or Almenbt, and recurrent tumor.
Localized tumor Almnhsr (Localized)
Which means that the evolution of the locus of the tumor confined to bone or adjacent tissues, and did not spread to elsewhere in the body, and of course, this category is divided into two types, localized tumors potentially eradicate (localized resectable), and topical eradication impossible (localized nonresectable).
Circulating tumor or Almenbt (Metastatic)
Which means that the tumor has moved from its inception and is formed into bone elsewhere to the body, and the usual moving to the lungs,
And may Anbut to other bones.
Recurrent tumors (Recurrent)
And this stage means that the tumor had returned and appeared after it was processed, and may return in the same place of origin, where he began, or the surrounding tissue, or because another part of the body.
On the treatment of sarcomas of the bones
There are treatments for all cases of this type of tumor in children and most of them are curable, and adopt a plan of treatment on several factors, notably the position of the tumor and its size and vitality and extent of concentration, and degree and extent of his move out of position, and the manifestation of its cells under a microscope, and the quantum can be surgically removed from the tissue, and the time period since the onset of symptoms, in addition to the child's age and general health condition, and the child is usually treated initially by following the standard treatments that have proven effective.
And surgery is the first line of treatment and the primary, combined with chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy, and treatment plans may vary of course depending on the situation and depending on the factors mentioned above.
Surgery
The work includes the surgical procedure biopsies for diagnosis and surgical treatment, and it is important to plan for both at the same time and by the same surgeon, and aimed at treating, of course, to eradicate the many as the fabric of the tumor and some healthy tissue surrounding the position, and may be used to cutting operations to remove the tumor and all the injured member, such as arm or foot, or part thereof, or surgery substitutive, as the amputation in the past decades was considered the only treatment possible for many of the cases, while in the present time has made processors surgery can remove large parts of the bone and replacing vaccinations bone or sheets and metal rods or alternatives to industrial (prosthesis), such as bones and joints made of plastics and metals, to make up part of the bone that is being eradicated with the tumor, known as the surgery salvage Members (Limb-salvage surgery) to remove the tumor without amputation, and can therefore maintain a job or position a patient, and obviously study both options between physicians and parents and consultation on the best means to eradicate the tumor, and at the same time maintaining the greatest possible effectiveness of the injured party.
And in most cases is not to start working surgical by a period of time during which to receive doses of chemotherapy or radiation, or both, in an effort to retain more than how much possible tissue positioning the patient, and when the tumor is localized usually to start chemotherapy after surgery directly on the Elimination of any cells of a tumor may be left.
And surgery is Alastnqaz or surgery, replacement, and performed especially in the absence of indications of the possible spread of tumor cells, surgery is complicated and multifaceted, it must eradicate the entire tumor and at the same time maintaining the tissue surrounding the muscles and tendons and nerves and blood vessels, and replacement of bone or bone-grubber vaccinations sheets, metal bars, with the consequent complications Khadduth infection or relaxation of vaccinations and alternatives under cultivation, and of course need to be addressed to conduct several operations and several months of physical therapy until the child can use a patient effectively, and similar cure rates in patients treated in this way with the rates of amputations, which currently does not resort to it only in cases of rare and specific.
The surgery, amputation may be the only option in some cases, the tumor was Eetmoda bone is difficult to replace or extend to the nerve tissue or blood vessels, or both, may not be able to save the injured party, and are often used planning MRI and testing tissue during surgery, to help the surgeon decision-making on the subject and the amount of amputation of the arm or foot, and is planning the surgery so that the muscles and skin from healing, and bone formation around the stump pagan way that would help to stabilize prostheses can be installed to compensate for the residual limb.
(Please go to surgery for more details on the surgical aspects of the work).
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the treatment using special drugs known drug chemical anti-cancer, the elimination of cancer cells and destroy them, and so disrupt and undermine the coordinated biological processes within them, and come the main advantage of this treatment in his ability to deal with tumors of mobile and deployed, whereas the radiation therapy or work on the surgical treatment of specific placements administration, confined tumors, its effectiveness and return premium to the fact that cancer cells, in a way, is more sensitive and more susceptible to chemicals than normal cells. And may be used as a treatment only in some cases, or part of a treatment program integrated includes several treatments in common, and the decision is made by using this treatment, the balance between effectiveness and side effects and complications of the future, and between the seriousness of cancer, and of course Vamadaafath and its acceptable compared to the same disease, in addition to the positive therapeutic yield significantly.
And may be called the chemotherapy treatment systemically (systemic); due to movement of drugs, chemicals via the blood to all parts of the body, and its ability to destroy cancer cells wherever notified, and may be used before the direct surgeries when solid tumors preparation for her and in order to facilitate; Bhzareth and shrink the tumor, what is known as chemotherapy Initial Assistant (Neoadjuvant), may also be used after surgery and eradication of the tumor; to eliminate any cells of a tumor is characteristic may be outstanding, and help avoid the return of cancer, what is known as chemotherapy additive (adjuvant).
And be dealt with chemotherapy drugs in ways and different channels, some of which are taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules or liquids, and most of the body is injected, the injection of different ways: by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, injection into an artery or a major injection topically directly under the skin, and if intravenous is the most widely used method, and may use other means to assist in the injection, such as catheters (catheters), which is implanted usually chest and can be used for long periods, and is injected drugs directly into the spinal fluid cerebrospinal surrounding the spinal cord and brain, known as the injection vaginalis, both to eliminate tumor cells, or to protect the central nervous system and brain, and is usually injected through the lumbar spine down the spine, or via a catheter especially planted under the scalp known as portfolio Omaya ( Ommaya reservoir).
And usually consist of treatment programs from several repeated cycles separated by periods of recovery, and may receive the patient during each session, a combination common in many medicines chemical, or are limited to one drug, by type of tumor and the planned therapeutic approach in each case, and in general are the use of chemotherapy during the time periods prolonged to reduce how much the cancer cells gradually, to the extent that it could when the immune system control of any growth and throw, in addition to that space of time between doses are placed in order to achieve the greatest effect on cancer cells, and at the same time give the sufficient to allow cells and tissue normal to recover from the effect of drugs, chemicals, since the types of drugs of different effects to varying degrees on the cells and organs of natural sound, especially the cells and tissues fast-growing and heavy reproduction and a permanent replacement, such as bone marrow cells and blood cells, and cells and tissues of the digestive system, in addition to some vital organs like the liver and kidneys, which in turn leads to complications side effects, which vary in intensity and quality of the drug to another and from one person to another, and of course of treatment to another even for the same person, and depend mainly on the type and dose of the drug user and the interaction of the body about it, and these effects are multiple; frustration include bone marrow (and thus decrease blood cell count), and complications of the mouth and gums (such as inflammation and ulceration, and drought), and hair loss temporary, constipation, diarrhea, and fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and feel the skin and skin, and usually take drugs to help and take some preventive measures and support; to avoid such effects and to prevent them and to mitigate the intensity, before and during treatment sessions and after termination.
(Please go to chemotherapy, to view more details about this treatment and methods of its management and its complications).
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is the treatment using the different applications of ionizing radiation (ionizing radiation), to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors, both using the elements and isotopes, or by using a stream of radiation, revived and high-energy, x-rays, or radiation such as gamma rays, or stream of neutrons or protons, and the effectiveness of the radiation is concentrated in its ability to undermine and break up the DNA of tumor cells, and is a vital and fundamental article of the various cellular functions, leading to elimination.
Radiation therapy is topical treatment, and is divided into two types; internal (Internal), radioactive elements are grown directly into the tumor tissue, or close to it, either temporarily or permanently, and external (external), where the broadcast radiation from the radiation machine shed the positions of the tumors, and may be used both types in some types of tumors, and of course, and to avoid the effects of radiation, is to take preventive measures during radiation therapy, to protect tissues and organs natural sound field processing.
And may be the use of radiation therapy alone, treatment only, or jointly with treatments other tumors, and may use a substitute for surgery as initial therapy, when some solid tumors, may also be used by the direct action surgical known as the treatment initial Assistant (neoadjuvant therapy), order to reduce the size of the tumor; to facilitate the eradication, or is used after excision surgery as a treatment additive (adjuvant therapy); in order to eliminate any tumor cells is characteristic may be outstanding.
And, of course, for the treatment of radiation complications and side effects associated with, linked to the overall locus of treatment, and result in general from affected cells and tissues rapidly growing and replacement, and from these effects: complications of skin and skin, and fatigue, and infections and dry mouth, and hair loss, nausea, gastrointestinal problems, and thwart the bone marrow, and is taking some preventive measures and support, and taking medication assistance; to avoid such effects and to alleviate it.
And according to many medical studies that cancer cells tumors bone Algarnih are resistant to radiation, that is, they do not die easily when exposed to ionizing radiation, and therefore is not radiation therapy in essential treatment for this tumor, and studies have shown that the processors radiation does not offer a lot also when used in conjunction with surgery in cases that suffer from transmission of the tumor to the lungs, as it is useful in relieving symptoms such as localized pain, or inflation, but it may be used in some cases when you can not complete surgical removal of tumor tissue.
(Please go to radiation therapy, to view more details about this treatment and methods of administration).
Processors on the progress by Category
Localized tumor Almnhsr
The plan of treatment often when cases of tumor Almnhsr and stainless root (without a transfer of the cells tumor at diagnosis), chemotherapy, initial assistant to reduce the size of the tumor, usually for a period of ten weeks, followed by surgery excisional, and then begin chemotherapy added immediately after , and for periods up to one year, and may be the use of radiation therapy in some cases, and to point out that in some cases of tumors of low-grade and potentially eradicate is sufficient surgery without the use of chemotherapy, and on the other hand is simply chemotherapy only when cases of administration, confined tumors and eradication impossible, and for periods of about a year.
And habitual use of combinations of several drugs, including chemical Matotricksat drug (methotrexate) in high doses, and drug cisplatin (Cisplatin) and Aevosvamaid (ifosfamide) and Aitoboseid (etoposide) and carboplatin (Carboplatin)
And Saakulovosvamaid (Cyclophosphamide) and Toboutkan (topotecan).
And circulating tumor Almenbt
Than usual to have children who suffer from tumors Menbth treatments joint consists of surgery, and each of the two treatments chemotherapy or radiation, which include the eradication of the tumor Almenbt to the lungs when the majority of cases, and often start treatment plans chemotherapy Initial Assistant for 10 weeks (and growing periods and the intensity of doses when there is movement and the emergence of secondary tumor can not be eradicated), followed by surgery to remove the original tumor and each tumor tissue secondary if possible, and then begin chemotherapy added immediately after and for up to a year.
Address the recurrent tumor
Tumor recurrence or relapse may occur in short periods or during the years of initial treatment, and when you return is a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to determine how focused the tumor and the area of presence and degree, and adopt the treatment plan on several factors, most important, is the subject of the tumor and has just come back the same position of its inception, the first or last position, in addition to treatments that have been followed in the past, the tumor came back and the back of the lungs are often surgery to remove it, and other placements that appeared to the lungs, usually is used for chemotherapy.
Returns on the therapeutic
With respect to returns, therapeutic, rates of healing of the five-year standard in children is generally more than 70% in the absence of transmission of the tumor at diagnosis, (indicates the rate of five-year recovery standard to the proportion of patients who live at least five years since diagnosed with cancer specific, and of course cured many people completely and live much more, and this rate is usually used as an indication of statistical When cases of cancer), and the figure rising to 90% in cases where the response of cancer cells to drugs, chemicals well, but less than when cases of tumors of low-grade potentially eradicate Overall about 85%, down to 75% in cases of tumors of the upper-class at the complete eradication of the tumor tissue and receiving dose-intensive chemotherapy, and to point out that most of the cases the tumor Algarni bones in children is top class, and on the other hand low rates to about 50% when there is a transition of tumor cells from the subject of growing up at diagnosis, and better at limiting the transition to one lung, and when to be able to eradicate the entire tumor tissue secondary, and when the use of chemotherapy.
Following the end of treatment
Necessary to conduct tests periodically comprehensive last for several years after the end of treatments, in order to investigate any signs of the return of bone tumors Algarnih, in addition to control of complications and side effects of different treatments received, whether immediate or delayed, which may appear years later (please go to a page of late complications of treatments for tumors to see more details), and include these tests in addition to clinical examination flour, laboratory tests and imaging studies and X-rays of different, especially for the position of the tumor and the lungs, and are made to schedule a specific time, usually within every two months the first year when the normal , and it is very important, of course, notify the medical team in case of any symptoms or complications may appear, is to take the necessary medical procedures and to achieve effective treatment without delay, whether the complications of treatment or relapse.
