Hodgkin's disease
Tumor and Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease (Hodgkin's disease), is a cancer lymphoma (lymphomas) that arise and evolve tissue of the lymphatic system, one of the main components of the system immune to the body, which consists of different cells and multi-functional, integrated together as an integral part in a reply immune system, both in resistance to infection with different, or the destruction of some types of cancer cells, and has named these tumors relative to the physician Thomas Hodgkin first to diagnosed in 1832, and from the usual to arise in children in age group between the tenth and sixteenth on the face of particular, and is a rare appearance in the age group under five, and high rates of appearance in males than in females.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels that resemble blood vessels, and branching out into all parts of the body and passes through the lymphatic fluid, and is a colorless liquid carries immune system cells, also holds a waste discharge and excess cells, the network of blood and accumulate in the lymph glands, small organic called lymph nodes, which in turn sets located in different parts of the body, such as the armpits, neck and abdominal cavity, (as is the spleen and tonsils and the thymus glands of the lymphatic system within the task) and you store these glands lymph cells (Lymphocytes), one of the master cells in the lymphoid tissue, which Ttsrtun in this type of tumors, as a result of an imbalance in the phases of reproduction and growth in an odd digression.
And there are two main types of lymphocytes, B cells
(B lymphocytes), with the important role in identifying foreign organisms, and T cells (T lymphocytes) and both are susceptible to carcinogenesis and the development of lymphomas that are classified as either of them, whether tumors of lymph cells, B (B-cell lymphomas) or T cells
(T-cell lymphomas).
And each of the two types and different functions within the immune system, helping B cells to fight bacteria, and by producing Ddiat exotic particles (antibodies) or antibody, and works Alddiat as evidence or a feature of the bacteria target, with stick proteins specific reside on the surface called the generators antigens (antigens), whereupon learned to instability and the like, which attracts macrophages types of cells of the immune system, which you swallow it, and attract the kind of blood proteins that destroy the bacteria causing holes in the wall of their cells.
While helping T cells in virus protection, where it can distinguish chemical specific, located on the outer surface of cells infected with the virus, whereupon destruction that secrete substances especially melt the outer membrane of these cells, and they secrete substances called triggers cellular (cytokines), Tstnhi other types of cells, white blood cells to attack infected cells, and believed that T cells are attacking and destroying some types of cancer cells in the same way, in addition to attacking the cells of the transplanted tissue to the body, (so have patients who have undergone organ transplants, special drugs to thwart the reactions T cells).
(And please go to a page that immunotherapy for more details on the role of lymphocytes in the immune system).
Due to the presence of tissue lymphocytes in most parts of the body, it can be because of a tumor and Hodgkin's start at any position around, and can be transmitted to any organ or tissue to the body, including liver or bone marrow or spleen, but it usually stems lymph nodes at the top of the body, and especially the chest and neck or armpits, and the usual moving through the blood to the lymph glands nearby, the closest next closest without glands to be bypassed by far, and in rare cases, spread to the blood vessels, enabling access to any position of the body including the lung and liver.
It should be noted that the tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease take a unique look quite different from the appearance of cancer cells when Allahoddgkin lymphomas and other tumors, and abnormal cells called Reed Sternberg cells (Reed-Sternberg cells), relative to the forward two doctors who first described in medical articles accurate description, and thought that these cells are a type of precancerous B lymphocytes, and its presence is conclusive evidence of the emergence of Hodgkin's tumor.
About risk factors for the emergence of tumor and Hodgkin's
The term risk factors (Risk factors) and also called the factors predisposing to the factors and conditions that increase the likelihood of vulnerability to any disease, such as cancer, when any person, and there are risk factors for each type of tumor, and may include risk factors and genetic any associated characteristics of genes, in addition to factors related to the environment or lifestyle and living conditions, and although the factors on the pattern of living, such as smoking and poor nutrition or alcohol consumption or working conditions (such as constant exposure to chemicals), is one of the important factors in many of the tumors in adults, (and that does not mean that cancer is inevitable with the presence of these factors), but its impact is none or very weak when dealing with tumors of children.
In terms of tumor, Hodgkin's, researchers found that some factors increase the proportion of risk for the emergence of this tumor, the most important infectious disease and mononuclear (mononucleosis), where, according to some studies, an increased rate of risk for the emergence of tumor and Hodgkin's when infected with this disease, and that emerge from the virus Epstein Bar (Epstein-Barr virus), with the knowledge that medical statistics indicate that there is no past exposure to such infections in more than 50% of patients Hodgkin's tumor.
On the other hand confirms many of the medical studies to increase the proportion of risk when there is a weak immune system, which may be due to many reasons, such as infection with HIV AIDS, or the presence of birth defects from birth, and syndromes associated with disability immune system, such as syndrome convulsions associated with the spillover of the capillaries (ataxia - telangiectasia syndrome), or syndrome Wiskott-Aldrich (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome), or when cases of organ transplantation in which patients receive drugs depressing the immune system, although the tumor and Hodgkin's is less common and far between cases suffer from such an immune deficit, compared to other types of cancer, especially lymphoma Allahoddgkin.
And in the end, and unlike many of the tumors, does not seem to tumor Hodgkin arise for reasons related to the problems of genetic or style of living, nutrition, bad, or even environmental conditions, and with that he has recorded several cases of the disease appeared in the generations of families of specific, but it is not seems to relate to the problems of heredity, and on the other, and even when there are some risk factors with someone, can not determine the extent of the contribution of these factors in the emergence of carcinogenesis, and can say that he is not after the discovery of risk factors key can be linked directly, and certainly the emergence of Hodgkin's tumors.
About the emergence of tumors of Hodgkin's
We need to understand how the emergence of cancer cells, knowledge of some preliminary information on the genetic characteristics and genes (genes),
Valmorth is a part of the DNA Alrebonowi (deoxyribonucleic acid DNA) carries the characteristics of specific genetic and has a vital function specific, and an example set of genes color of the eyes and skin, or blood group, and this acid is a chemical that carries instructions for the system and the life cycle of cells , and the control of all its activities, and is the type of changes anomalies in the DNA of the genes influencing factor in determining the type of disease that may affect humans, and genes are the parts of chromosomes (chromosomes), which can be likened to a band linear Mazfor of DNA high-Length , contains thousands of genes lined end to end, and the DNA is organized strictly in the 23 pairs of chromosomes, inherits half of each pair from one parent.
On the other hand may inherit one some of the changes the anomalous (or defects), DNA from his parents, which explains the appearance of some illnesses are common in some families, and called these changes Balthorat or changes the root of the structure (mutations), which also arise for reasons incomprehensible and unjustified imbalance just like the other images that affect this acid, which can be summarized in the following points:
Distraction of the chromosomes and the exchange sites (Translocation) between the two parts of the DNA, that is, a section of DNA Besbga a homeless HOS Besbga different and asymmetric with him, and this imbalance in particular is responsible for the emergence of some types of leukemia where it appears exchange in chromosomes of different When each of them.
Reflection or the coup (inversion), which means that part of the chromosome is inverted, and overlay in reflected light it is still linked to the same chromosome.
Addendum (addition) of any part of the chromosome (chromosome or the whole) has doubled and many copies of it are located the cell, and is referred to with reference number chromosome positive (+7, for example).
Loss or erasure (deletion) of some of the clips DNA Besbga specific, and referred to as the chromosome number with a negative sign, eg -7 means that there is a missing part of chromosome VII.
And there are multiple types and so many of the genes, and each of them vital functions and characteristics of specific genetic, and contains some of the types of instructions and codes of genetic control in the mechanism of growth and division, and thus replication and reproduction for the production of new cells, and from these genes of certain urges and modify operations cell division, called idiomatically genes tumor (oncogenes), or stimulating proliferation, and there are genes other slow and inhibit the division and reproduction, or give instructions to the annihilation of the self-cell, when needed, and called genes inhibiting the swelling (Tumor suppressor genes).
And from here can Ttsrtun normal cells in the event of any of the mentioned types of imbalance structure of DNA (ie, mutations or abnormal structure of chromosomes fugue or a reversal or erasure or addition), which in turn drive (either directly or indirectly) to run a tumor gene without controls (which lose the ability to control cell growth and reproduction), or invalidate the work of genes inhibiting the swelling, and end up with the emergence of a cancerous tumor, and it is important to know that, and except for genetic disorders that increase the level of risk for the emergence of some tumors (and it is not inevitable at all and does not constitute Hodgkin tumors in this category), scientists do not know the real reasons and confirmed that lead to an imbalance types of DNA, (which trigger or trigger) and that lead to carcinogenesis of normal cells and tumor.
Despite the lack of knowledge of the exact reasons for the carcinogenicity of lymphocytes B and the emergence of tumors, Hodgkin's when most of the cases, but medical research has found a relationship between them and a number of health conditions associated with, such as immune deficiency mentioned above, which are believed to create appropriate conditions for the emergence of these tumors, and according to medical studies, the coincidence of disability immune (either hereditary or the influence of drugs depressing the immune system or infection, AIDS), with infection virus Epstein bar may lead to precancerous cells, lymphocytes, and the emergence of tumors, Hodgkin's, and if the rates below the rates of tumor Allahoddgkin much, and on the other hand, and although scientists were able to identify many of the fundamental changes DNA of tumor cells and lymphocytes, which form the beginning to understand how they evolve when there are risk factors specific in some patients, but he could not a yet know the reasons for the emergence of Hodgkin's tumors in most patients who have no lives and no clear risk factors, may help create conditions to arise.
About the symptoms and diagnosis
Cause these tumors symptoms of multiple depending on the position of the tumor, and may include symptoms very early emergence of significant inflation and without pain to the lymph nodes near the surface of the body such as the glands on both sides of the neck, and under the armpits or Baltrkoh, continue for long periods without returning the gland to normal size, and increase in inflation, although there is no pain, and seems to block tumor chunky and soft, and may show symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath, when the established tumor lymph nodes in the chest, and which, when amplified pressure on the trachea, and in rare cases arising bug vena cava the upper (superior vena cava syndrome), at a pressure of the tumor mass on the superior vena cava, which carries blood from the head and arms to the heart and the appearance of marks and swelling of the head and chest Baldhirain the highest, with the change of color of the skin such placements to bluish red color, and may affect the emergence of this illness on the brain and threaten the patient's life seriously.
And one of the most physical symptoms of public common and that appear at about 30% of the cases, the emergence of fever continuous does not stop for long periods of up to weeks, and if the unit be afraid sometimes, and night sweats, severe, and loss of weight, and a sense of constant fatigue, loss of appetite, and on the other hand may not show any symptoms in some cases, and the patient does not complain of any ill.
When you see the symptoms on the child and that can be attributed to any of the lymphomas, and distrust of the existence of this tumor, the doctors perform a series of tests and laboratory tests, radiological and take pictures of different x-rays X, and X-ray CT (Computed tomography scan) , in addition to MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging using radio waves, magnetic to put multiple images of the body), to identify the various aspects of the tumor accurately, and the usual procedure osteotomy surgery (biopsy) in order to extract a biopsy of tissue or gland that does not look natural, to be examined under a microscope, in order to determine the type of tumor and vital properties.
(Please go to a page that tests and laboratory tests to see more details about these tests and methods of surgical osteotomy).
Classification of tumors of Hodgkin's
Once they are diagnosed as within tumors, Hodgkin's, until further analysis and lab tests to verify the extent of the tumor from the position of origin to other parts of the body, and this is called classification progress, and it is necessary to determine this classification in order to arrange the plan treatment appropriate , and may be determined simply by sampling physical and blood tests and X-ray images, but in some cases be required to inspect internal directly to the members, and that surgery to open the cavity, the abdominal and examination of internal organs, and draw small samples are being tested to verify free of cancer, and is performed such surgery only when needed, of course, while in the case of surgery could not be any reason, is sufficient to derive benefit from biopsies of tissue for laboratory tests.
And classified as tumor and Hodgkin's four degrees of progress, depending on the position of the tumor and the extent of progress, and the area of spread outside the lymphatic system, in addition to tumor stage reflux, and is divided each category into two sections, (a) and (b), depending on the symptoms of pathological physical phenomenon when diagnosis, which include fever and weight loss by more than 10% during the six months prior to diagnosis, and severity of sweating, as is the sick children without symptoms of category (a), while classified as category (b), showed any of the symptoms listed , for example the patient's tumor is classified from grade 1 and without symptoms, degree of (1 a), the patient's tumor is classified as class 1, and has a fever is not justified, to one degree (1 b).
Grade 1
This category include cases where the tumor is located in one place within the lymph gland, and one, or moved from the gland and has spread locally or to the position of one member outside the nearby lymph nodes.
Grade 2
And this classification include any of the following cases:
We have the tumor in two or more areas of lymph nodes, and the same side of the diaphragm.
The tumor has spread locally from the glands to the position of one or a single member, and the same side of the diaphragm.
Grade 3
This category include the following cases:
We have a tumor in the areas of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.
The tumor may be also Menbtha and moving to a position, or a member of the nearby lymph glands, or spleen.
4 °
And include this category of cases where it is found at diagnosis and a transmission of the tumor, ie:
Jump to the tumor more than one position, or a member outside of the lymphatic system, such as bone marrow, liver, and may not exist in the lymph nodes near these organs.
Jump to cancer one member outside the lymphatic system, but it Anbut to the lymph glands placements far from it.
Recurrent tumors (Recurrent)
And this classification refers to tumors that show back, and after the initial treatment successfully, and could go back in the same place of origin where it began, or the tissue surrounding the show, return to any place else, and may appear in the near term following the cessation of treatment or in long periods up to the past, and also indicates that the tumor had gone, and became resistant during the receiving processors.
On the treatment of Hodgkin's tumors in children
There are treatments for all cases of this type of tumor in children, and mostly incurable at high rates, by increasing the cure rate for five years the standard in general between the sick children Bormes Hodgkin's 85%, (indicates the rate of five years to the proportion of patients who live at least five years Since diagnosed with cancer specific, and, of course, heals many people completely and live much more, and uses this rate is usually a sign statistic when cases of cancer), while reaching cure rates standard for ten years, about 75%, and according to medical statistics that the cure rates for the five-year standard the Category 1 and 2-degree range from 90 to 95%, while the range between 85 to 90% in class 3, and decreases to 80% of tumors mainly 4, dependent child's chances of recovery and treatment options on several factors combined, the most important subject the tumor and the extent and degree of concentration and prevalence, as well as the type of phenomenon symptoms at diagnosis, in addition to the child's age and general health condition.
And is radiation therapy line initial treatment for tumors, Hodgkin's, with the use of chemotherapy with or without, and of course, different treatment plans depending on the classification of the tumor and the growth of the child, and no research is still ongoing about the use of operations marrow transplant bone marrow in some cases.
And in general are similar to the treatment of children with Hodgkin's tumor patients processors used in adults with some differences that depend on the age of the child, the child has reached adulthood, or close to it, in the sense that the growth of bone and muscle has been completed and reached full maturity, or approached them , treatment plans are identical with those used in adults, while if the size of the body is still short of reaching the stage of completion, are the use of chemotherapy as an option preferred for radiation therapy, where the latter affects the growth of bones and muscles, and of course the main objective is the healing of the child without exposure to complications of treatment in the long term, and hence careful most of the treatment plans of the use of high doses of radiation in order to avoid effects that may impede the normal growth of children, and the habitual use of combination therapies consisting of radiation doses reduced, and various combinations of chemotherapy drugs.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is the treatment using the different applications of ionizing radiation (ionizing radiation), to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors, both using the elements and isotopes, or by using a stream of radiation, revived and high-energy, x-rays, or radiation such as gamma rays, or stream of neutrons or protons, and the effectiveness of the radiation is concentrated in its ability to undermine and break up the DNA of tumor cells, and is a vital and fundamental article of the various cellular functions, leading to elimination.
Radiation therapy is topical treatment, and is divided into two types; internal (Internal), radioactive elements are grown directly into the tumor tissue, or close to it, either temporarily or permanently, and external (external), where the broadcast radiation from the radiation machine shed the positions of the tumors, and may be used both types in some cases, and for tumors of Hodgkin's uses external radiation, and when limited to treatment on the neck and chest, and lymph nodes under the arms, called the radiance of the coat (mantle), and the added lymph nodes the top of the abdominal cavity, spleen and lymph glands and pelvic region, radiation is called glandular full, and of course, and to avoid the effects of radiation, is to take preventive measures during radiation therapy, to protect tissues and organs natural sound field processing.
And may be the use of radiation therapy alone, treatment only, or jointly with treatments other tumors, and may use a substitute for surgery as initial therapy, when some solid tumors, may also be used by direct fad known as the treatment initial Assistant (neoadjuvant therapy), in order to reduce the size of the tumor; to facilitate the eradication, or is used after excision surgery as a treatment additive (adjuvant therapy); in order to eliminate any tumor cells is characteristic may be outstanding.
And radiation treatment complications and side effects associated with, linked to the overall locus of treatment, and result in general for effects on cells and tissues rapidly growing and replacement, and from these effects: complications of skin and skin, and fatigue, and infections and dry mouth, and hair loss, nausea, intestinal problems, and thwart the bone marrow, and is taking some preventive measures and support, and taking medication assistance; to avoid such effects and to alleviate it, and please go to radiation therapy, to view more Details about this treatment and methods of administration.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the treatment using special drugs known drug chemical anti-cancer, the elimination of cancer cells and destroy them, and so disrupt and undermine the coordinated biological processes within them, and come the main advantage of this treatment of his ability to deal with tumors of mobile and deployed, whereas the radiation therapy or work on the surgical treatment of specific placements administration, confined tumors, its effectiveness and unique due to the fact that cancer cells, in a way, is more sensitive and more susceptible to chemicals than normal cells, and may be used as a treatment for some individual cases, or as part of an integrated treatment program includes the use of several treatments in common, and the decision is made by using this treatment, the balance between effectiveness and side effects and complications of the future, and between the seriousness of cancer, and of course Vamadaafath and its effects compared to the same disease acceptable, in addition to the positive therapeutic yield significantly.
And may be called the chemotherapy treatment systemically (systemic); due to movement of drugs, chemicals via the blood to all parts of the body, and its ability to destroy cancer cells wherever notified, and may be used by the direct action surgical oncology solid preparation for it, and in order to facilitate; Bhzareth and shrink the tumor, what is known as chemotherapy Initial Assistant (Neoadjuvant), may also be used after surgery and eradication of the tumor; to eliminate any cells of a tumor is characteristic may be outstanding, and help avoid the return of cancer, what is known as chemotherapy additive (adjuvant ).
And be dealt with chemotherapy drugs in ways and different channels, some of which are taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules or liquids, and most of the body is injected, the injection of different ways: by intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, injection into an artery or a major injection topically directly under the skin, and if intravenous is the most widely used method, and may use other means to assist in the injection, such as catheters (catheters), which is implanted usually chest and can be used for long periods, and is injected drugs directly into the spinal fluid cerebrospinal surrounding the spinal cord and brain, known as the injection vaginalis, both to eliminate tumor cells, or to protect the central nervous system and brain, and is usually injected through the lumbar spine down the spine, or via a catheter especially planted under the scalp known as portfolio Omaya ( Ommaya reservoir).
And used to be made up treatment programs from several repeated cycles separated by periods of recovery, and may receive the patient during each session, a combination common in many medicines chemical, or are limited to one drug, by type of tumor and the planned therapeutic approach in each case, and in is a common use of chemotherapy during the time periods prolonged to reduce how much the cancer cells gradually, to the extent that enable the immune system control of any growth and throw, in addition to that space of time between doses are placed in order to achieve the greatest effect on cancer cells, and at the same time give a sufficient period to allow the cells and tissues normal to recover from the effect of drugs, chemicals, since the types of drugs of different effects to varying degrees on the cells and organs of natural sound, especially the cells and tissues fast-growing and heavy reproduction and a permanent replacement, such as bone marrow cells, and cells and tissues of the digestive system, in addition to some vital organs like the liver and kidneys, which in turn leads to complications side effects, which vary in intensity and quality of the drug to another and from one person to another, and of course of treatment to another even for the same person, and depend mainly on the type and dose of the drug user and the interaction of the body about it.
These multiple effects; frustration include bone marrow (and thus decrease blood cell count), and complications of the mouth and gums (such as inflammation and ulceration, and drought), and temporary hair loss, and constipation and diarrhea, and fatigue, and nausea and vomiting and loss of appetite, and feel the skin and skin, and the usual drug therapy and help, and take some preventive measures and support; to avoid such effects and to prevent them and to alleviate it, before and during treatment sessions and after termination.
(Please go to chemotherapy, to view more details about this treatment and methods of its management and its complications).
Marrow transplant bone marrow (Bone marrow transplant)
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue soft, known as the spinal cord red, and located within the portion bones called bone spongy, and is the main function in the production of blood cells, and is composed of cells transformed (into blood cells), and fat cells and tissues to help the growth of blood cells, and cells called at the beginning of training (primary) cells Aboriginal or stem cells (Stem cells), and is the division's self-multiply, producing stem cells, new, or you through a series of divisions, cumulative, and the transformations successive production of blood cells of different (white blood cells and red and platelets), which continues to stages of growth and maturity within the bone marrow, and there is bone marrow in the bones almost all infants, while Prior to puberty, is concentrated mostly in the flat bones, such as skull bone, and shoulders, and ribs, and pelvic bones, and joints of the arms and legs.
Come and the need for a transplant marrow bone marrow (Bone marrow transplant), or stem cell transplant
(Stem cells transplant) when unable to spinal cord on the performance of its functions, and caused the deficit either by the effects of the cancer itself, which makes him either a product of cells of a tumor abnormal, or a product of small numbers of blood cells, or resulting from the effects of drugs, chemical and radiation therapy severe, the be necessary to eliminate cancer cells, (especially when the tumors of blood and lymphatic tumors, and some types of solid tumors), follow the treatment programs is strong, intense doses lead to frustration and the destruction of the bone tissue itself. And hence the target of transplantation, replacement of stem cells spinal cancer patient, or frustrating treatments, cells intact and healthy, capable of growth and reproduction and the production of blood cells, and possible sources, to extract stem cells and used for transplantation, including bone marrow and blood circulation , both from the patient himself or from a donor, and conducted studies for the newly drawn from the umbilical cords of newborns.
And is resorting to transplantation in some cases of tumors of Hodgkin's, in parallel with the treatments received, when the tumor is resistant to treatment, necessitating the need to use therapeutic doses intensive to eliminate cancer cells, which in turn leads to the destruction of the bone marrow critically, and are recommended planting upon the return of the tumor before the end of treatment sessions or shortly after its completion, while most doctors prefer not to implant the tumor returned after long periods and is sufficient remedial courses similar to the initial treatments and different plans.
And planting operations are divided into two types according to a source of stem cells, self-transplantation (Autologous) where these cells are derived from blood or the patient's own marrow, (and usually uses this type of Hodgkin's tumors), and gay culture or lineage (Allogeneic), any planting of others, where a pool of blood or marrow donor, and are selected donor right after an analysis of tissue specific blood, known as analysis of antigens leukocytes (human leukocyte antigens HLA), and the aim of this analysis is identical blades genetic protein antigens produced by white blood cells, and proteins is a private self Highlight cells for foreign bodies such as bacteria or viruses, and the success of agriculture depends on the extent of tissue compatibility between donor and recipient, and is a perfect fit, which brings together six groups of these proteins, and the donor twin brother is the ideal ADSL, followed by brothers siblings, then a parent, a donor or a non-kin of the patient.
The spinal primary source of stem cells, and when using the implant self, is to draw the amount of marrow of the child, and is processed to eliminate any cancer cells, and then kept under the freeze, and after completion of receiving the treatment intensive, and that would destroy the bone marrow, are spinal implant processor.
While when using the implant gay, is to draw the amount of marrow donor, after the tests and analyzes different; to make sure that his general health and free from infectious diseases, and is the selection and collection of stem cells separately, and after the stages of creating a patient for transplantation, giving doses high chemical drugs with or without radiation therapy, in order to eliminate cancer cells, and thwart the immune system to the lowest degree, is implanted stem cells selected and injected intravenously.
Also be extracted stem cells from blood circulation, and know in this case, peripheral stem cells or periodic
(Peripheral stem cells), and the quantity is usually sufficient to collect, and be used for transplantation Self practically offers the possibility to urge the bone marrow of the patient secreted into the blood circulation in sufficient quantities for transplantation, either at the implant-sex, are collected from the blood circulation of the donor; passing blood through the filter of the machine, the separation of these cells separately.
And transplantation involving the complexities and complications of different course, such as the difficulty of finding the matching donor, and complications associated with the process, the effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatments, and the risk of transplant rejection, and failure of cells cultured in the stability and reproduction.
(Please go to Page marrow transplant bone marrow to view more details about the transplantation).
About the treatment by Category
Grade 1
Treatment depends on the degree of classification in (1 a) or (1 b), and on the position of the tumor, was the top of the diaphragm, and not concentrated a large space of the chest, may be starting chemotherapy, and low doses of radiation therapy, and that was the highest the diaphragm, and a large space system located from the chest, may be the use of chemotherapy, followed by chest radiation only, radiation or a full coat.
Grade 2
Treatment depends on the degree of classification in (2 a) or (2 b) and the location of the tumor.
(2 a)
The tumor was the highest position the diaphragm, and not concentrated a large space of the chest, may be the use of chemotherapy, and low doses of radiation therapy, or radiation therapy and low doses of chemotherapy, but if the top of the diaphragm, and a large space system located of the chest, may be the use of chemotherapy followed by radiation or radiation-Sadr, a full coat.
(2 b)
That was the subject of the tumor at the top diaphragm, and not concentrated a large measure of the chest, may be the use of chemotherapy, and low doses of radiation therapy to the affected areas, but if the top of the diaphragm, and concentrated a large measure of the chest, may be the use of chemotherapy , followed by radiation or radiation of the chest in full coat.
Grade 3
Treatment depends on the degree of classification within the (3 a) or (3 b), may be limited to the treatment plan on the use of chemotherapy alone, or jointly used with radiation therapy, when both categories.
4 °
May be limited to the treatment plan on the use of chemotherapy alone, or jointly with radiation therapy.
Address the recurrent tumor (Recurrent)
Processors depends upon the return of the tumor on the position of a second appearance, and the type of treatments received in the past, the use of radiation therapy were the initial treatments without chemotherapy, it is usual to start receiving chemotherapy at the back of the tumor, and that was the use of chemotherapy, it is used the same drugs previous drugs or other chemicals, radiation or the use of placements is irradiated in the past, and back when the tumor by more than one place may be receiving high doses of chemical drugs and a transplant of marrow bone marrow.
In case of tumor recurrence within a few months of the start of the initial treatments are typically self-recommending transplantation of stem cells, while always preferred resume receiving chemotherapy and different combination of drugs at the return of cancer after long periods of time from the end of the initial treatments.
After the treatments
Necessary to conduct tests periodically comprehensive last for several years after the end of treatments, in order to investigate any signs of the return of tumors, Hodgkin's, as well as to monitor complications and side effects of different treatments received, whether immediate or delayed, which may appear years later (please go to a page of late complications of treatments tumors to see more details), and include these tests in addition to clinical examination flour, laboratory tests and imaging studies of different, and are made to schedule a specific time, and it is very important, of course, notify the medical team in case of any symptoms or complications may appear to be taking the necessary medical procedures and to achieve effective treatment without delay, whether for therapeutic complications or relapse.
