Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, also known as treatment is vital (Biological therapy), or the treatment rate to respond to the vital (biological response modifier therapy), is the treatment of employing mechanisms of the immune system is different, especially the mechanisms relating to highlight the cells invasive, and provoke immune response, and mechanisms to raise rates production of immune cells and strengthened, in order to support and mobilize and stimulate the immune system, directly or indirectly, either for disease resistance and infection control, or for the treatment of cancer cells as cells enemy and destroy them, or to help manage the side effects of treatments for tumors, using vehicles vital immune system cells produced normal, and are produced in laboratories.
And immune system mechanisms of multiple and inconsistent, as any defensive operation, starting with mechanisms to detect cells hostile and identified and distinguished from the cells of the body, and shall do certain cells help some other cells, and mechanisms to alert and mobilize the immune system, and share the most immune cells, directing messages among themselves for various purposes, such as stimulation of certain cells or calling certain types or stimulate breeding again or modify the reactions, and mechanisms to fight the cells enemy and destroy them, and shall do so several types of work in different ways, such as diners, or the secretion of toxins to break up the structure.
And we need to start to understand how the treatment works, the immune mechanism and vehicles modified to respond to the vital, to know some of the important pillars of the immune system, and interaction techniques about the exotic organisms:
Generators counter (Antigens)
Anti generators, or antigens (also called Bmstfsat and antibiotics), are proteins produced by cells of objects and objects alien to the body's cells, such as bacteria or viruses, and by which the immune system able to distinguish such cells, and the cells to act on them as an enemy alien and and require a response to a defense, and the mainstream has become the term antigen (antigen), refers to any substance or object foreign Ghraib (including chemicals and toxins), and was born and his immune response to a counter, and for simplicity, Snsmi generator antibiotics Palmgayer, any which is not like the cells of the body itself, and that when cells of the immune system distinguish outsider, played for attacking a variety of ways.
On the other hand, resides on the surface of each cell type of proteins, can be likened to the emblem or attribute that describes the identity of the cell, communicate and interact with its surroundings by him, and called Bmgayer the cell surface (cell surface Antigens), a protein is considered as a different turn, when treated by the immune system the body of another (as was the case when blood transfusion or organ transplantation, where the tissue is transferred from the body a strange host), or when the precancerous cells of the body.
As the cancer cells are in the category of cells alien cells of the body natural, and require a response immunologically, where after Tsrtnha change the composition of a protein variant Bstohaa from normal cells, depending on changes in DNA, and (for each type of tumor a different special Bouklayah different in composition and quantity), and in turn may arise cancer when the immune system not working efficiently or fail, and fail to recognize and destroy tumor cells since its inception, leading to their reproduction and expansion of the abnormal growth, in addition to the immune cells are able to accurately distinguish variant, while be totally foreign to the body, such as bacteria, while the confused distinction when the cancer cells, which then Eetmaaz variant is clearly completely, the semi between them and normal cells.
From this entrance, immunotherapy seeks to provoke the immune reaction, and urged the payment of the immune system to distinguish variant tumor cells more clearly, and attack them as completely alien.
Ddiat exotic particles (Antibodies)
Ddiat Alddat or particles, also called albumin and immunoglobulin (immunoglobulins), are proteins specialized Bafrazha B lymphocytes, the identification of variant (Antigen) and indistinguishable, and then stick to it and covering its surface, and correspond with him such as his key and lock, and serve as a guide or a stain of UFOs, which makes it a target by other immune cells, such as species, macrophages that Baptlall, or species that produce toxins that destroy, and meet all against him with a different specific and particular, and remains of its own, and saved the pattern of interaction between them Similar to cellular memory, to use when repeated exposure to the same variant in the future.
From here Immunotherapy seeks to provoke the immune reaction, and urged the payment of the immune system to secrete proteins Alddat special variant tumor cells as foreign and attack it, as researchers seek to discover and prepare different types of Alddat laboratory and used in the treatment of tumors.
Cellular stimuli act (Cytokines)
Or Mflat cellular activity, and the chemicals act as symbols of communication, produced by different types of immune cells, when the emergence of what is required in response to immunologically to Tstnhi each other, and to activate its functions, both to guide its activities, or stimulated or modified, and sometimes restrained, including control operations and processes of production and reproduction.
And there are several types of these stimuli could be prepared experimentally, thus opening the field to focus on its use in immunotherapy for raising and mobilization of immune cells, and is one of the most commonly used vehicles.
Key immune system cells
Immune response to the heterogeneous objects is a process of consistent and integrated, comprehensive, coordinate in the complex network of cells and tissues and organs of the immune system component, and in the following paragraphs we review the profile of immune cells the key advantage of the mechanisms in the immune therapy:
Lymph cells (lymphocytes)
And is one of the types of cells, white blood cells and found blood and other parts of the body, is the cornerstone of the immune system, and is divided into three types; B cells (B cells), and T cells (T cells), and cells genocidal by nature (natural killer).
B cells (B lymphocytes)
And are established and growing bone marrow (Bone marrow) and was named Balbaúah proportion of it (and that was the origin of the label for the word bursa, which means gizzard birds as derived from these cells for the first time), and the massing of these cells, lymph nodes and some members of the lymphatic system, such as spleen, and although it can not destroy bacteria or cancer cells directly, but that its role is very important for being the cells responsible for production Alddat (antibodies), as when connected Bmgayer strange (from a bacterium or cancer cell) into a plasma cell (plasma cell) and produce appropriate Alddh different, which in turn fuse with him and learn to attract other immune cells to attack him.
T cells (T lymphocytes)
And called Baltaúah relative to the thymus (Timothy thymus) or the thymus, where the inseparable part of lymphocytes emerging bone marrow after growth to a certain extent, to depart before they reach full maturity, and transmitted via the blood to settle gland thymus, the end stages of maturity and (learning) and ways to distinguish cells of foreign bodies, and acquire new properties in the fight against diseases.
And there are special molecules, similar Alddat found on the surfaces of T cells, enabling them to recognize and interact with foreign bodies and cancerous cells, and cells infected with the virus, and there are two types of T cells, each specialized in a specific task:
Toxic T lymphocytes (Cytotoxic T lymphocytes), and T cells, also known as pesticides, which produce toxins that destroy foreign cells and cancer at the marking.
Helper T cells, (Helper T cells) and by the help of B cells and cell toxicity, and modulate the reactions immune that give rise to cells defending other immune system, and is working initially secrete stimuli of the reaction cell are called triggers lymphocytes (lymphokines), and triggers cellular geared to white blood cells and is called Palmthirat between leukocytes (interleukins), or Krbih stimuli, and these stimuli are the most commonly used in vehicles modified to respond to antibiotics.
Natural pesticides cells (Natural Killer cells NK)
For this type of lymphoma cells the ability to destroy any different, including cells infected with the viral and cancer cells, naturally without the need to distinguish Ddiat specific or other incentives, and once she was born without the need for a period of preparation, such as lymphocytes other, as have molecules on enable the external surface of the docking with the variant, and then produce toxins effective fragmentation of membranes, cells, and functions include also the secretion of some cellular stimuli that modulate some functions of lymphocytes.
Macrophages (Macrophages)
Turns some of the single cells (monocytes), one of the white blood cells, which arise and grow the bone marrow, into the cells of omnivorous after entry into the body tissues and organs, and is able to exterminate alien cells besiege us and diners, and during the process of slurping, the highlight protein variant, the dead cells across the outer surface, which can be distinguished from lymphocytes, and in this way the detector works like a different and helps in the launch of immune reactions.
Types of immunotherapy
It is clear that cancer arises when some people even though their immune systems are working efficiently, either because of inability to distinguish tumor cells Kgraybh, it does not appear Mgayeradtha significantly different from normal cells even warrant a response immunologically, or because the immune system and, despite indistinguishable cell tumor, but he makes a weak defense and not enough to destroy it.
And researchers have developed different types of immune therapies, to help the immune system to distinguish tumor cells, and to strengthen its response so that it can be destroyed, and with that the types of immune therapies in multiple and disparate technologies, but it can be classified into two broad categories:
The quality of any ad hoc treatments (specific immunotherapies), designed to provoke a specific immune reaction, using a specific tool and directed towards a specific goal.
Treatments are not intended (Nonspecific immunotherapies) which give rise to a more comprehensive response to immunologically.
The first category includes treatment with a single Alddiat reproduction (Monoclonal antibody therapy), which generated large numbers of one cell, and cancer vaccines (Cancer vaccines).
Includes second class is the most comprehensive and the use of different cellular stimuli, and some factors, which are called the modified drugs are generally critical of the response (biological response modifiers BRMs).
The following paragraphs we review the profile of various immune therapies, whether actually used, or which are still under study and development.
Immune therapies is allocated or public (Nonspecific immunotherapies)
Stimulate the treatments allocated the immune system in general, strengthening of its effectiveness against cancer cells, and may enable scientists to prepare a lot of Alddiat and triggers different cellular labs, and used in the treatment of cancer, and was named treatments modified to respond to the vital (biological response modifiers BRMs) , and is usually aimed at raising the basic immune system cells, in order to change the format of the interactions between the immune defenses and cancer cells, so as to enhance and support and demonstrate the ability of the body to resist disease.
And have become some of these treatments are supported as an integral part of standard treatment plans for some tumors, while others are still under research and development in the laboratory and clinical studies, and dependent species may be used individually as a treatment is essential, or a combination of several common drugs, as may be used in conjunction with processors other tumors as catalysts, to increase the effectiveness of these treatments and the support functions of the immune system.
And are manufactured most of the drugs adjusted to respond to critical types of triggers cellular (cytokines), and include species approved for the use of interferon (interferons) types, and triggers cell-cell white blood cells (interleukins) or stimuli Alkrbih, and elements stimulus for Reconstruction (colony-stimulating factors) or development incentives, in addition to some of the drugs that are classified as catalysts (Adjuvants) and not within the cellular stimuli.
And seek doctors from using these drugs when treating cancer to achieve the following purposes:
Strengthening the capacity of the immune system to recognize abnormal growth of cells which give rise to cancer, and resistance.
Stop the biological processes that allow the abnormal growth of cancer cells, or restrain or control Bonsagaha.
Depriving cancer cells of some of its components and make them more distinctive to the immune cells, and more vulnerable to attack and genocide, and enhance the ability of immune cells to destroy them.
Stop coordinated biological processes that convert normal cells, or cells in the early stages before carcinogenesis, the cancer cells, or reverse these processes digressions.
Support the body's ability to complete the restoration and replacement of tissues and cells affected by the effects of treatments other tumors, and assist in recovery.
Prevent cells from moving and proliferation.
Motivating elements for Reconstruction (Colony-stimulating factors CSFs)
And known commonly stimuli development generators blood (hematopoietic growth factors), and is one of the more drugs immune traded, although it does not directly affect the cancer cells, and has helped produce large increase in cure rates in patients with cancer, working Kmthirat cell to stimulate and raise the stem cells (stem cells) bone marrow, and pushed to increase the rates of reproduction and division for the production of blood cells different from the leukocytes, red and platelets, and it is known that bone marrow is the first pillar of the system immune to being the main source of blood cells.
And is the optimum utilization of these drugs when used in parallel with treatments other tumors, especially chemotherapy, causing anti-cancer drugs within the side effects of depressing the bone marrow, and thus a decrease in the production of blood cells are different and low population, putting the patient at risk of vulnerability of infection and anemia, easy bleeding, without the ability to stop it, in addition to that it prevents the use of high doses and adequate drugs, chemicals to eradicate tumors, and pay to delay the scheduling of planned treatment, and using catalysts development can achieve two goals at the same , the possibility of giving high doses of chemical drugs, and at the same time reduce the risk of lack of blood cells and the subsequent complications, such as ease of infection or the need to make transfers of various blood components to patients.
And are named types of development incentives by type of circulation of blood cells by inducing their production, they include:
Cells triggers production of white blood cells and the rolling of two types:
Reconstruction of the granule cells of stimuli: (Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor G-CSF) and her name rolling Valaqrastim (Filgrastim) or Nabujan (Neupogen), and the search is the bone marrow to produce granule cells, and triggers reconstruction of granule cells and macrophages (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF) and her name rolling Sariqramostim (sargramostim), or eucaine (Leukine), and are urging you to produce all the cells of granulocytes and macrophages.
And add to the use of both types to increase the rates of production of white blood cells, which reduces the risk of infection when receiving chemotherapy, are also used to increase the production rate of stem cell preparation for transplantation or marrow transplant bone marrow.
Triggers the production of red blood cells (Erythropoietin)
And whose names are traded Aebojtin alpha (epoetin alfa) or Brockerat (Procrit), and is urging the production of red blood cells, and thus reduce the need to conduct the transfer of patients when receiving chemotherapy, and the fact that these stimuli are produced by cells of the kidneys, which senses the lack of oxygen when the body's circulatory fired; Kmthirat stimulate cellular bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
Triggers the production of platelets
And are the stimuli Krbih (Interleukin) and know Palmthirat 11 (Interleukin-11), and trade names traded Aoberalfkin (Oprelvkin), or Nyumiga (Neumega), and is in turn urges to increase the rates of production of blood platelets, and reduce the need for transfers of patients.
And clinical studies are still ongoing in order to customize the use of development incentives in the treatment of many tumors, including tumors of blood and lung and colon and melanoma tumor (melanoma).
Interferons (Interferons IFN)
And is a set of triggers cell produced by the body naturally, and one of the important elements in the resistance to viral infections and types of cancer cells, and is one of the early triggers cell that has been produced in laboratories for use averages of the response dynamic, and there are three types of which was named by the first letters of the alphabet Greek, interferon alpha and beta and gamma, and is the most heavily traded Alpha interferon in the treatment of cancer.
The most important properties in the interferon group effect on cancer cells:
Directly affect the tumor cells, as interfering in the operations division and cell-based Bthoerha, both slowing down the rapid growth pattern, or paid to the growth and evolution by natural pattern to the cells together and unusual behavior.
Interfere with the operations and the building of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and the emergence of new capillary blood vessels, which tumors need to continue to grow.
Pay for the production of cancer cells Mgayeradtha (antigens) a lot, making them more susceptible to differentiation to immune system cells.
Supports the immune cells and increase their ability to kill tumor cells, especially cells pesticides and T cells and macrophages, raising the capacity of the immune against cancer.
And has been the adoption of interferon alpha treatment of tumors in particular the following:
Leukemia ciliary cells (Hairy cell leukemia), and leukemia spinal chronic (Chronic myelogenous leukemia), and lymphoma Allahoddgkin Altousel (Follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and lymphoma of the skin cells, T (Cutaneous T cell lymphoma), in addition to tumors Kaibusi Algarnih associated with AIDS (Kaposi's sarcoma), and notes that these tumors are more common in adults.
It is worth noting the presence of side effects are common when using interferon include: fever and shivering, headache, loss of appetite, and fatigue, and nausea and vomiting, and low white cell count, and skin rash and shell hair, and most of these effects temporary, and stop following the completion of receiving the treatment, except that the fatigue lasts for a longer period.
The researchers tested combinations of clinical studies of common drugs, interferon alpha and modified to respond to biological or chemical drugs, to address many of the tumors.
Stimuli between white blood cell (Interleukins)
Alkrbih or stimuli, and cellular stimuli are produced by the body naturally, and some types have been prepared in the laboratory, and is interesting Alkrbi 2 (interleukin-2 IL-2) and his name rolling Aldslukain (aldesleukin), the first of the stimuli used in the treatment of individual cases of tumors developed and transmitted, which was adopted to address the tumor cells, renal signing (metastatic renal cell cancer), and then to treat the tumor melanoma signing (metastatic melanoma) and is the effectiveness of this drug to stimulate the growth and effectiveness of many immune cells such as lymphocytes, and can be used alone to treat some tumors, or in common with other immune therapies such as interferon, or with chemotherapy, although this will increase the severity of side effects of these treatments combined.
And among the side effects of influenza-like symptoms such as fever, shivering and fatigue and mental confusion, in addition to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and increased weight, and effects also recorded a decrease blood pressure in some cases.
And clinical studies are still underway to consider the use of stimuli Alkrbih in the treatment of many tumors, such as lung and breast tumors and prostate and colon, and some types of leukemia and lymphoma and brain tumors.
Immune therapies help (Adjuvants)
Drug levamisole (Levamisole)
And drug levamisole ad hoc basis to address the infection, parasites, and noted that it is useful as a drug immunotherapy where the revitalization of the effectiveness of T cells, and is currently used to treat tumors of the colon after surgery, added to some drugs, chemicals, and especially the drug fluorouracil (fluorouracil 5-FU), and be discussed clinical studies for use in the treatment of other types of tumors.
The BCG vaccine (BCG)
And is the vaccine is common against tuberculosis (tuberculosis), and is the way it works in bringing about infection tissues of human, and then attract immune cells to the subject of infection, raising the immune system, and this sequence in the cause of the infection makes the bacteria the vaccine useful as a kind of treatments immune of cancer, and had been adopted to address the tumor superficial bladder after surgery, the purpose of provoking an immune reaction bladder, and that drip out of a solution of BCG bladder and confined for two hours before allowing the patient emptied, and are of such treatment is usually once a week and for six weeks.
On the other hand researchers studying the possibility of using this vaccine to treat other types of tumors, and use it in addition to standard treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation and other types of immunotherapy.
Immune therapies custom (specific immunotherapies)
Cancer Vaccines (Cancer vaccines)
It is known that vaccines for infectious diseases such as measles, mumps or tetanus, is working to expose the immune system to combinations weak variants (antigens) on the surface of the infectious agent, which urges the immune system to produce more of the plasma that in turn produced Alddiat appropriate, and urges increased production of T cells that characterize the infection, and remember it later, and that the immune system is ready to interact with the same type of infection if exposure has occurred and the future.
And is following the same idea of treating cancer, but he and the vice of vaccines of infectious diseases, Vaccines are prepared to inject the body after the emergence of the tumor and diagnosed, and not by his appearance or evolution, in order to mobilize the immune system towards the tumor cells in the body, to distinguish them as cells strange and therefore rejected tumor growth, and may be able to such vaccines when given in the early stages of cancer, suppression of growth.
And contain these vaccines on tumor cells or parts thereof or variants selected, paid the immune system to produce specific Ddiat Bmgayerat specific, cell production and lymph toxicity of these variants are attacking the same.
And there are several vaccines are being studied using different techniques, we will content ourselves with two major clinical studies showed promising results after use:
Vaccines for tumor cells (Tumor Cell Vaccines)
In this kind are used cancer cells are eliminated from the body by surgery, then re-injected into the body after the killing so as not to produce cells and throw a new (usually using the radiation), and with it dead cells, but that the variants remain present Bstohaa, and raises in response to immunologically checked and its own, and are distinguishable by the immune cells and then attack it.
And of the reasons for the use of dead tumor cells, rather than using a full variants only, is not being able to detect and identify all the variants of cancer cells, and full use of the immune system may be able to distinguish a large number of these variants, and are usually add some immune therapies General injection of tumor cells when dead to boost the immune system.
At the moment did not start using this type of vaccines routinely in the treatments, and will be discussed in clinical studies to treat various tumors, including breast and ovarian cancer and lung and prostate.
Vaccines variant (Antigen vaccines)
Encourages this type of vaccine the immune system using variants separately and selected, instead of the cancer cells fully contain many variants, where the researchers were able science of genetic engineering in recent years, from the decoding of genetic (genetic codes) for many variants, so that could be prepared experimentally, and sometimes using chemicals made in full, and may enable researchers to modify these variants to become more visible and distinctive in front of the immune system to recognize them Kmgayerat strange more easily, and these new technologies allow to give a lot of these variants modified and selected for many patients, and may Research has shown that some variants cause immunologically reactive in patients of certain tumors, and cause others to the interaction of more than one type of tumor, as studies have shown the possibility of raising several variants in the same vaccine in order to make a special interaction with all of them.
And is in clinical studies on the use of this type of vaccines to treat certain solid tumors, including breast and ovarian cancer and pancreatic and colon tumor melanoma and melanoma.
Treatment Balddiat mono reproduction (Monoclonal antibody immunotherapy) or monoclonal
This type is called also passive immunotherapy (passive immunotherapy), which is effective Alddiat alone, regardless of their level of ability or weak immune system, and does not require that an active role in the fight against cancer cells, in addition to their production is outside the body and the quantities large, instead of urging the immune system to produce them himself.
And summed up the way the manufacture of these Alddiat lab, that is extracted cancerous cell from a tumor marrow bone (myeloma, a tumor of bone marrow), and cell lymph epidemic (which generate Ddah custom), collecting from the body of a mouse and are merged together, and called the cell hybrid resulting from the merger glioma hybrid (hybridoma), and of course, Integration between cell lymphoma of B that characterize the variants of certain, and cell myeloma that live for an indefinite period, makes the cell hybrid work-product constant and fixed Ddiat required, and originated Label Balddiat mono reproduction (monoclonal antibodies MoAbs), from the fact that Alddiat generated in this way, is in fact one copy similar result for a cell hybrid one, and this can now researchers manufacture Ddiat mono interact with variants in particular and specific to certain types of cancer cells, and increasing variants are discovered, the more opportunities to prepare single-Ddiat directed against several types of cancer.
And of recent developments in production techniques Alddiat cloned what is known Balddiat unilateral Almansna (humanized monoclonal antibodies), as observed during the clinical studies that the effectiveness of treatments such Alddiat limited and inadequate, because they are caused by cells of a tumor strains of animal origin, and has worked at the beginning of processors well in some cases, and soon the immune system in patients that had distinguishing them as if they were variants and objects strange, and thus began to attack it, which scientists called an effort to avoid this, the integration of part of the gene (gene) responsible for recognizing variants Balddiat cancer cells derived from mice, with other parts of the human genes Balddiat, and was named a result of this merger, which is similar to regular human Alddiat, Balddiat unilateral Almansna.
And still clinical studies are under way to address Balddiat unilateral when a lot of tumors, such as Allukimyat, and lymphomas, and tumor multi-marrow bone (Multiple myeloma), and tumors priorities nerve (Neuroblastoma), and tumors of the breast, and colon and prostate and ovaries, and thyroid and brain tumors.
Alddiat types of single-cloning
There are two types of cloning a single Alddiat used in the treatment of cancer:
Ddiat abstract reproduced, used alone, without any additions thereto.
Ddiat reproduced in conjunction with (Conjugated monoclonal antibodies), and is used after the shipment (or Tzkherha) chemotherapy drug or radioactive material or toxic molecules.
Alddiat single naked (naked monoclonal antibodies)
Can Ddiat naked to dock with a different specific cancer cells, and is working in one of two ways, either to work in the usual way of Ddiat, where the stick Bmgayerat tumor cells, and learned to mobilize the immune system cells to attack and destroy, or to dock with the parts of the protein variant know Palmtlkiet
(Receptors), (where the subject of admission to other molecules necessary to stimulate the growth of the cancer cell), and Balthamha close the position on these molecules and prevent them from attending Palmgayer, which are constrained by limits and the rapid growth of the cancer cell.
And research has shown the ongoing clinical studies on the use of abstract Alddiat very encouraging results, which will help in addressing many of the patients developed stages, and that standard therapies are no longer effective in the treatment, and the increase achieved such results, you may be the adoption of these treatments to be used instead of chemotherapy Kmaagat standard, and comparison of side effects for both treatments, it appeared that the side effects of Ddiat unilateralism is moderate, and are attributed mostly to the reactions caused by problems with sensitivity, and often appear hour injection of medication, and include the effects recorded fever, shivering, and feeling weakness, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, and low blood pressure, and the emergence of the rash.
And has recently been the adoption of two types of unilateral Alddiat abstract therapeutic uses:
Drug trastuzumab (Trastuzumab), which functions in a way disability recipients, and is used to treat advanced cases of breast cancer, and is intended against a protein called Hare 2 (HER2), and the researchers found that breast cancer cells produce large numbers of more than 25% of cases.
Raaoudimap drug (Rituximab), and has been used to treat lymphomas Allahoddgkin B cells (B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), and contains a single Ddah intended for a different labeled CD 20 (CD20) B cells located.
Alddiat single fertilized or associated with reproduction (Conjugated monoclonal antibodies)
Is in this type load Alddiat active material affect on the tumor cells, which are shipped with drugs or toxins or radioactive atoms, and is used Knaqlh carried directly to the cancer cells, and continue to roam the circulatory antibody so attracted to a cancer cell with a different Vtlthm identical with it, and you thus delivering the drug or toxin into the cancer cell target, reducing damage to healthy cells.
Despite the fact that the use of Alddiat fertilized drug and chemical elements radioactive, is still limited to clinical studies to address many of the tumors and has not been adopted for circulation, however, was the adoption of two types of Alddiat charged particles are radioactive, the purpose of finding placements spread of tumor cells employ a property of radiation , and two real estate Aoncosnt (OncoScint) and is used when cases of ovarian tumors and colon, and Brostasnt (ProstaScint) cases of prostate tumors.
Poison immune (Immunotoxins)
Be prepared to download poison immune Alddiat single reproduction of certain toxic substances, whether bacterial origin, such as diphtheria cm (diphtherial toxin), or derived from some plants, such as the castor plant poison, and ongoing clinical studies focused primarily on the use of these Alddiat in the treatment of lymphomas and types of leukemia and brain tumors.
Despite the fact that some toxins immunological research has provided encouraging results in reduction of some tumors, especially lymphoma, but there are significant obstacles that need to be overcome before starting to use on a larger scale, most notably the impact of toxins on cells, which may be attracted Alddiat loaded with poison to existing variants healthy cells, so researchers should determine the variants that resides on the cancer cells accurately, and the species detected and identified to the present are still few.
And is the second obstacle, the size of particles of poison immune great degree prevent them from breaking some of the tissue, which limits and reduces its effectiveness, and the researchers to the production of poison immune a smaller and lighter, using parts of the Alddiat only, in order to facilitate the entry of the property to a depth of tumor tissue.
Side effects of biological treatments
As is the case with treatments other tumors, treatments immunological side effects associated with differ from person to person, and vary depending on the doses received, and, of course, depend management of these effects on the severity and gravity, and may require necessary sometimes stay the clinic while receiving these treatments, although they usually disappear gradually after the end of treatment.
And accompanies most of these treatments, and many, including interferon, the appearance of symptoms similar to flu symptoms, including fever, shivering, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea, in addition to fatigue for prolonged periods, and may occur effects of blood pressure, and easy bleeding and bruising, and had a rash or swelling of the locus of injection, and has been observed that the side effects appear more acute with the exciting Alkrbi 2 (interleukin-2) in particular, depending on the dose intake, and of course, be required monitoring the patient closely during treatment .
On the other hand, show the pain of bone development when receiving stimuli are unusual, in addition to fatigue, fever and loss of appetite, while increasing the possibility of the emergence of allergic reactions when using single-Alddiat cloning, research also reported that cancer vaccines cause muscle pain in addition to fever.
