CanCer
Cancer is a leading cause of death in all parts of the world, this disease has caused the deaths of 7.6 million people (about 13% of all deaths) in 2008.1
Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer. Abuse of alcohol and physical inactivity of other major risk factors.
Stand some of the specific infections and behind and there are about 20% of cancer deaths in low-income and middle-income countries and about 9% of these deaths are in high income countries.
Can prevent around 30% of cancer deaths.
Cancer arises from a change in one cell. It can be started by external agents and inherited genetic factors.
Expected to continue rising number of deaths from cancer worldwide, and only 11 million deaths in 2030.
And cancer, a generic term for a group of diseases that can affect all parts of the body. Referred to as tumors are malignant and malignant neoplasms. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and breaking into the adjacent parts of the body and spread to other organs, and this phenomenon is called metastasis. And metastases represent the most important causes of death from cancer.
The problem at hand
Cancer is a leading cause of death in all parts of the world, this disease has caused the deaths of 7.6 million people (about 13% of all deaths) in 2008. The following are the most important forms of cancer:
Lung cancer (1.4 million deaths)
Stomach cancer (740,000 deaths)
Colorectal cancer (610,000 deaths)
Liver cancer (700,000 childhood deaths)
Breast cancer (460,000 deaths)
There were about 70% of all cancer deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. It is expected to continue rising number of deaths from cancer worldwide, and only 11 million deaths in 2030.
What are the factors that cause cancer?
Cancer arises from a single cell. The transformation from a normal cell into a tumor cell is a multistage process, typically a progression from the scourge of potential carcinogenicity to malignant tumors. These changes are the result of the interaction between the person's genetic factors and three categories of external factors can be categorized as follows:
Physical carcinogens, such as UV and ionizing radiation;
Chemical carcinogens such as asbestos and components of tobacco smoke, aflatoxin (a food contaminant) and arsenic (a drinking water contaminant);
Biological agents, carcinogens, such as infections from certain viruses, bacteria or parasites.
Ageing is another fundamental factor contributing to the development of cancer. And increase the incidence of cancer rises dramatically with age and this is due, probably, to increase the risk of certain cancers with aging. And the accumulation of the risk of cancer is to decrease the effectiveness of the cellular repair mechanisms as a person grows older.
Risk factors related to cancer
Tobacco use, alcohol and dieting is unhealthy and the incidence of chronic Baadaoy by viral hepatitis B and C and some types of HPV of the major risk factors behind the incidence of cancer in low-income and middle-income countries. The cervical cancer caused by HPV, the leading cause of cancer death among women in low income countries.
How can I reduce the burden of cancer?
There is, currently, a vast amount of knowledge about the causes of cancer, and interventions to prevent and manage therapeutically. And can reduce the burden of cancer to the implementation of evidence-based strategies for the prevention of this disease and detected in the early stages and management of patients with cancer.
Change risks and avoid them
Can be prevented more than 30% of cases of cancer by modifying or avoiding the major risk factors, including:
Tobacco use
Overweight and obesity
Low intake of vegetables and fruits
Physical inactivity
Alcohol abuse
Infection HPV sexually transmitted
Air pollution in urban areas
Exposure to smoke from burning solid fuel inside the buildings
Prevention strategies:
Avoid increasing the risk factors listed above;
Vaccination against HPV and Hepatitis B virus
Against occupational hazards;
Reduce exposure to sunlight.
Early detection of cancer
Can reduce cancer deaths if the cases were detected and treated early. Based on the efforts of early detection of cancer two components:
Early diagnosis
Identify the first signs of cancer (such as marks which distinguish cervical cancer and breast cancer and oral) in order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment before they reach advanced stages of the disease. The importance of early identification programs is particularly important in resource-poor settings, where most cases are diagnosed when the disease has reached advanced stages too.
Investigation
Seek, systematically, to investigate the disease on the population who do not show any symptoms. The purpose is to detect anomalies suggest the presence of certain cancers or pre-cancer and refer them quickly to the facilities to take advantage of diagnostic services and treatment.
Ensure the effectiveness of screening programs especially with regard to common forms of cancer for which there is a cost-effective screening test, affordable, acceptable, and is available for most of the population at risk. Here are some of the investigative techniques:
Visual inspection using acetic acid for cervical cancer screening in resource-poor settings;
Test of the Papanicolaou smear for cervical cancer screening in places middle-income and high-income areas;
Mammography for breast cancer screening in high-income areas.
Treatment
The treatment in a range of interventions, including psychosocial support, surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, aimed at ensuring the recovery of patients with cancer and prolong life and improve their quality of life.
Treatment of cancers that can be detected in early stages
Some of the most common cancer types, such as breast and cervical cancer and oral cancer and colorectal cancer, have high cure rates when detected early and treated according to best practices in this area.
Treatment of other cancers that can be cured
Some of the types of cancer such as cancers of the blood and lymphatic tumors, pediatric tumors and sperm Al_khasaoah, despite the wide spread, cure rates are high if they are to provide appropriate treatment for people living with them.
Palliative care
Palliative care is a treatment designed to alleviate the symptoms caused by cancer, rather than treated. Care and enable those patients to ensure more comfort to patients; one of the urgent humanitarian needs for all people with cancer and other deadly diseases in all other parts of the world. There is an urgent need for such care, particularly in places with high numbers of patients with advanced less chance of healing them.
And can, through palliative care, alleviate the problems of physical and psychological, social and spiritual in more than 90% of people with advanced cancers.
Palliative care strategies
Effective public health strategies, which include community-based care and home of the necessary measures to provide relief of pain and palliative care for patients and their families in resource-poor settings.
We must improve access to morphine to relieve moderate to severe pain that affects more than 80% of cancer patients in final stage of the disease.
WHO's response
In 2008, WHO launched the action plan and put it in the field of noncommunicable diseases.
The WHO is working and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an agency specialized organization in the field of cancer, with United Nations agencies and other partners in the areas of cancer prevention and control at the international level in order to achieve the following objectives:
Increase political commitment to cancer prevention and control;
Development of new knowledge and dissemination of existing knowledge to facilitate the delivery of evidence-based approaches to cancer control;
Develop standards and tools to guide the planning and implementation of interventions in the areas of cancer prevention and detection of early and provide treatment and care for his patients;
Facilitate the establishment of broad networks of partners in the fight against cancer at the global, regional and national levels;
Strengthening health systems at national and local levels;
Provide technical assistance for the transfer of best practices in the fight against cancer, quickly and effectively, to developing countries.
Coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancers and mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer prevention and control.
